thonydiedin1906，fourAmericanstateshadgrantedsuffragetowoman。AtthetimeIwrite——1914——theresultoftheAmericanwomen’sworkforsuffragemaybebrieflytabulatedthus：
SUFFRAGESTATUS
FULLSUFFRAGEFORWOMEN
NumberofStateYearWonElectoralVotesWyoming18693
Colorado18936
Idaho18964
Utah18964
Washington19107
California191113
Arizona19123
Kansas191210
Oregon19125
Alaska1913——
Nevada19143
Montana19144
PRESIDENTIALANDMUNICIPALSUFFRAGEFORWOMEN
NumberofStateYearWonElectoralVotesIllinois191329
STATESWHEREAMENDMENTHASPASSEDONELEGISLATUREAND
MUSTPASSANOTHER
NumberGoestoofElec—
StateHouseSenateVoterstoralVotesIowa81—2631—15191613
Massachusetts169—3934—2191518
NewJersey49—415—3191514
NewYork125—540—2191545
NorthDakota77—2931—1919165
Pennsylvania131—7026—22191538
Totabulatethewonderfulworkdonebytheconventionsandcouncilsisnotpossible，butacon—
secutivelistofthemeetingswouldrunlikethis：
FirstNationalConvention，Washington，D。C。，1887。
FirstInternationalCouncilofWomen，Washington，D。C。，1888。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Washington，D。C。，1889。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Washington，D。C。，1890。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Washington，D。C。，1891。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Washington，D。C。，1892。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Washington，D。C。，1893。
InternationalCouncil，Chicago，1893。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Washington，D。C。，1894。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Atlanta，Ga。，1895。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Washington，D。C。，1896。
NationalSuffrageConvention，DesMoines，Iowa，1897。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Washington，D。C。，1898。
NationalSuffrageConvention，GrandRapids，Mich。，1899。
InternationalCouncil，London，England，1899。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Washington，D。C。，1900。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Minneapolis，Minn。，1901。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Washington，D。C。，1902。
NationalSuffrageConvention，NewOrleans，La。，1903。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Washington，D。C。，1904。
InternationalCouncilofWomen，Berlin，Germany，1904。
FormationofIntern’lSuffrageAlliance，Berlin，Germany，1904。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Portland，Oregon，1905。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Baltimore，Md。，1906。
InternationalSuffrageAlliance，Copenhagen，Denmark，1906。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Chicago，III。，1907。
InternationalSuffrageAlliance，Amsterdam，Holland，1908。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Buffalo，N。Y。，1908。
NewYorkHeadquartersestablished，1909。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Seattle，Wash。，1909。
InternationalSuffrageAlliance，London，England，1909。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Washington，D。C。，1910。
InternationalCouncil，Genoa，Italy，1911。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Louisville，Ky。，1911。
InternationalSuffrageAlliance，Stockholm，Sweden，1911。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Philadelphia，Pa。，1912。
InternationalCouncil，TheHague，Holland，1913
NationalSuffrageConvention，Washington，D。C。；1913。
InternationalSuffrageAlliance，Budapest，Hungary，1913。
NationalSuffrageConvention，Nashville，Tenn。，1914。
InternationalCouncil，Rome，Italy，1914。
Thewinningofthesuffragestates，theworkinthestatesnotyetwon，theconventions，gatherings，andinternationalcouncilsinwhichwomenofeverynationhavecometogether，haveallcombinedtomakethisquarterofacenturythemostbrilliantperiodforwomeninthehistoryoftheworld。I
havesetforththerecordbaldlyandwithoutcom—
ment，becausethebarefactsarefarmoreeloquentthanwords。Itmustnotbeforgotten，too，thatthesegreatachievementsoftheprogressivewomenofto—dayhavebeenaccomplishedagainsttheopposi—
tionofalargenumberoftheirownsex——who，whiletheyareoutintheworld’sarenafightingagainstprogressfortheirsisters，stillshattertheear—drumwiththeirincongruouswar—cry，``Woman’splaceisinthehome！’’
OfourSouthDakotacampaignin1890therere—
mainsonlyoneincidentwhichshouldhaveaplacehere：WewereattendingtheRepublicanstatenominatingconventionatMitchell——MissAnthony，Mrs。Catt，otherleaders，andmyself——havingbeentoldthatitwouldbeatoncethelargestandthemostinterestinggatheringeverheldinthestateasitprovedtobe。Alltheleadingpoliticiansofthestatewerethere，andinthewakeofthewhitemenhadcometribesofIndianswiththeircampoutfits，theirwivesandtheirchildren——thegroupsformingapicturesquecircleoftentsandtepeesaroundthetown。Itwasagreatoccasionforthem，anIndianpowwow，forbythelawallIndianswhohadlandsinseveraltyweretobepermittedtovotethefol—
lowingyear。Theywerepresent，therefore，tostudythewaysofthewhiteman，andanedifyingexhibitionofthesewaspromptlyofferedthem。
ThecrowdwassogreatthatitwasonlythroughthecourtesyofMajorPickler，amemberofCon—
gressandadevotedbelieverinsuffrage，thatMissAnthony，Mrs。Catt，andtherestofuswereabletosecurepassestotheconvention，andwhenwereachedthehallwewereescortedtothelastrowofseatsonthecrowdedplatform。Asthespacebe—
tweenusandthespeakerswasfilledbyrowsuponrowsofmen，aswellasbythebandandtheirin—
struments，wecouldseeverylittlethattookplace。
Someofourfriendspointedoutthisconditiontothelocalcommitteeandaskedthatwebegivenseatsonthefloor，butreceivedthereplythattherewas``absolutelynoroomonthefloorexceptfordele—
gatesanddistinguishedvisitors。’’OurpersistentfriendsthensuggestedthatatleastafrontseatshouldbegiventoMissAnthony，whocertainlycameundertheheadofa``distinguishedvisitor’’；
butthiswasnotdone——probablybecausealargenumberofthebestseatswerefilledbyRussianla—
borerswearingbadgesinscribed``AgainstWomanSuffrageandSusanB。Anthony。’’Weremained，perforce，inourrearseats，findingsuchinterestaswecouldinthebackviewofhundredsofheads。
JustbeforetheconventionwascalledtoorderitwasannouncedthatadelegationofinfluentialIn—
dianswaswaitingoutside，andamotiontoinvitetheredmenintothehallwasmadeandcarriedwithgreatenthusiasm。Acommitteeofleadingcitizenswasappointedtoactasescort，andthesegentlemenfiledout，returningafewmomentslaterwithapartyofIndianwarriorsinfullwarregalia，eventotheirgayblankets，theirfeatheredhead—dresses，andtheirpaint。Whentheyappearedthebandstruckupastirringmarchofwelcome，andtheen—
tireaudiencecheeredwhiletheIndians，flankedbytheadmiringcommittee，stalkedsolemnlydowntheaisleandweregivenseatsofhonordirectlyinfrontoftheplatform。
Allwecouldseeofthemwerethebrilliantfeathersoftheirwar—bonnets，butwegotthefulleffectoftheirreceptioninthemusicandthecheers。IdarednotlookatMissAnthonyduringthisremarkablescene，andshe，craninghervenerablenecktogetaglimpseoftheincidentfromherobscurecorner，madenocommenttome；butIknewwhatshewasthinking。ThefollowingyeartheseIndianswouldhavevotes。Courtesy，therefore，mustbeshownthem。Butthewomendidnotmatter，thepoliti—
ciansreasoned，foreveniftheywereenfranchisedtheywouldneversupporttheelementrepresentedatthatconvention。Itwasnotsurprisingthat，notwithstandingourhardwork，wedidnotwinthestate，thoughalltheconditionshadseemedmostfavorable；forthestatewasnew，themenandwomenwereworkingsidebysideinthefields，andtherewasdiscontentintheranksofthepoliticalparties。
Aftertheelection，whenweanalyzedthevotecountybycounty，wediscoveredthatineverycountywhoseresidentswereprincipallyAmericanstheamendmentwascarried，whereasinallcountiespopulatedlargelybyforeignersitwaslost。Incer—
taincounties——thoseinhabitedbyRussianJews——
thevotewasalmostsolidlyagainstus，andthisnot—
withstandingthefactthatthewivesoftheseRus—
sianvotersweredoingaman’sworkontheirfarmsinadditiontotheusualwomen’sworkintheirhomes。ThefactthatourCausecouldbedefeatedbyignorantlaborersnewlycometoourcountrywasahumiliatingonetoaccept；andwerealizedmoreforciblythaneverbeforethedifficultyofthetaskwehadassumed——ataskfarbeyondanyeverunder—
takenbyabodyofmeninthehistoryofdemocraticgovernmentthroughouttheworld。WenotonlyhadtobringAmericanmenbacktoabeliefinthefundamentalprinciplesofrepublicangovernment，butwehadalsotoeducateignorantimmigrants，aswellasourownIndians，whosedegreeofciviliza—
tionwasindicatedbytheirwar—paintandtheflauntingfeathersoftheirhead—dresses。
TheKansascampaign，whichMissAnthony，Mrs。
Catt，Mrs。Johns，andIconductedin1894，heldaspecialinterest，duetothePopulistmovement。
Thereweresomanyproblemsbeforethepeople——
prohibition，freesilver，andthePopulistpropaganda——thatwefoundourselvesinvolvedinthebitterestcampaigneverfoughtoutinthestate。Ourdesire，ofcourse，wastogettheindorsementofthediffer—
entpoliticalpartiesandreligiousbodies，Wesuc—
ceededinobtainingthatofthreeoutoffouroftheMethodistEpiscopalconferences——theCongrega—
tional，theEpworthLeague，andtheChristianEn—
deavorLeague——aswellasthatoftheStateTeachers’
Association，theWoman’sChristianTemperanceUnion，andvariousotherreligiousandphilanthropicsocieties。Toobtaintheindorsementofthepolit—
icalpartieswasmuchmoredifficult，andwewerefacingconditionsinwhichpartialsuccesswasworsethancompletefailure。Ithadlongbeenanun—
writtenlawbeforeitbecameawrittenlawinourNationalAssociationthatwemustnottakepartisanactionorlineupwithanyonepoliticalparty。Itwashighlyimportant，therefore，thateitherallpartiesshouldsupportusorthatnoneshould。
ThePopulistconventionwasheldinTopekabe—
foreeithertheDemocraticorRepublicanconvention，andaftertwodaysofvigorousfighting，ledbyMrs。
AnnaDiggsandotherprominentPopulistwomen，asuffrageplankwasaddedtotheplatform。ThePopulistpartyinvitedme，asaminister，toopentheconventionwithprayer。Thiswasaninnova—
tion，andservedasawedgefortheadmissionofwomenrepresentativesoftheSuffrageAssociationtoaddresstheconvention。Wealldidso，MissAnthonyspeakingfirst，Mrs。Cattsecond，andI
last；afterwhich，forthefirsttimeinhistory，theDoxologywassungatapoliticalconvention。
AttheDemocraticconventionwemadethesameappeal，andwererefused。Insteadofindorsingus，theDemocratsputananti—suffrageplankintheirplatform——butthis，asthepartyhadlittlestandinginKansas，probablydidusmoregoodthanharm。
Troublecamethickandfast，however，whentheRepublicans，thedominantpartyinthestate，heldtheirconvention；andamightystrugglebeganovertheadmissionofasuffrageplank。TherewasaWoman’sRepublicanClubinKansas，whichhelditsconventioninTopekaatthesametimetheRepublicanswereholdingtheirs。TherewasalsoaMrs。JudithEllenFoster，who，bystirringupop—
positioninthisRepublicanClubagainstthein—
sertionofasuffrageplank，causedaserioussplitintheconvention。MissAnthony，Mrs。Catt，andI，ofcourse，urgedtheRepublicanwomentostandbytheirsex，andtogivetheirsupporttotheRepubli—
cansonlyonconditionthatthelatteraddedsuffragetotheirplatform。Atnotime，andinnofieldofwork，haveIeverseenamorebitterconflictinprog—
ressthanthatwhichragedfortwodaysduringthisRepublicanwomen’sconvention。Liquor—dealers，joint—keepers，``boot—leggers，’’andallthelawlesselementofKansasswungintolineataspecialcon—
ventionheldundertheauspicesoftheLiquorLeagueofKansasCity，andcasttheirunitedweightagainstsuffragebythreateningtodenytheirvotestoanycandidateorpoliticalpartyfavoringourCause。TheRepublicanwomen’sconventionfinallyadjournedwithnothingaccomplishedexceptthepassingofaresolutionmildlyrequestingtheRe—
publicanpartytoindorsewomansuffrage。Theresultwas，ofcourse，thatitwasnotindorsedbytheRepublicanconvention，andthatitwasdefeatedatthefollowingelection。
ItwasatthetimeofthesecampaignsthatIwaselectedVice—PresidentoftheNationalAssociationandLectureratLarge，andthelatterofficebroughtinitstrainaglitteringvarietyofexperiences。Ononeoccasionanepisodeoccurredwhich``AuntSusan’’neverafterwardweariedofdescribing。
TherewasawrecksomewhereontheroadonwhichIwastotraveltomeetalectureengagement，andthetrainsgoingmywaywerenotrunning。Look—
ingupthetrack，however，Isawatraincomingfromtheoppositedirection。Iatoncegraspedmyhand—luggageandstartedforit。
``Wait！Wait！’’criedMissAnthony。``Thattrain’sgoingthewrongway！’’
``Atleastit’sgoingSOMEWHERE！’’Ireplied，tersely，asthetrainstopped，andIclimbedthesteps。
Lookingbackwhenthetrainhadstartedagain，Isaw``AuntSusan’’standinginthesamespotontheplatformandstaringafteritwithincredulouseyes；butIwasright，forIdiscoveredthatbygoingupintoanotherstateIcouldgetatrainwhichwouldtakemetomydestinationintimeforthelecturethatnight。Itwasafineillustrationofmypettheorythatifoneintendstogetsomewhereitisbettertostart，eveninthewrongdirection，thantostandstill。
Againandagaininourworkwehadoccasiontomarvelovermen’slackofunderstandingoftheviewsofwomen，evenofthosenearestanddearesttothem；andwehadanespeciallystrikingillustra—
tionofthisatoneofourhearingsinWashington。
Acertaindistinguishedgentleman（wewillcallhimMr。H————）waschairmanoftheJudiciary，andafterwehadsaidwhatwewishedtosay，heremarked：
``Yourargumentsarelogical。Yourcauseisjust。
Thetroubleisthatwomendon’twantsuffrage。
Mywifedoesn’twantit。Idon’tknowasinglewomanwhodoeswantit。’’
Asithappenedforthisunfortunategentleman，hiswifewaspresentatthehearingandsittingbesideMissAnthony。Shelistenedtohiswordswithsur—
prise，andthenwhisperedto``AuntSusan’’：
``HowCANhesaythat？_I_wantsuffrage，andI’vetoldhimsoahundredtimesinthelasttwentyyears。’’
``TellhimagainNOW，’’urgedMissAnthony。
``Here’syourchancetoimpressitonhismemory。’’
``Here！’’gaspedthewife。``Oh，Iwouldn’tdare。’’
``ThenmayItellhim？’’
``Why——yes！Hecanthinkwhathepleases，buthehasnorighttopubliclymisrepresentme。’’
Theassent，hesitatinglybegun，finishedonasud—
dennoteoffirmness。MissAnthonystoodup。
``ItmayinterestMr。H————，’’shesaid，``toknowthathiswifeDOESwishtovote，andthatfortwentyyearsshehaswishedtovote，andhasoftentoldhimso，thoughhehasevidentlyforgottenit。Sheisherebesideme，andhasjustmadethisexplana—
tion。’’
Mr。H————stammeredandhesitated，andfinallydecidedtolaugh。Buttherewasnomirthinthesoundhemade，andIamafraidhiswifehadabadquarterofanhourwhentheymetalittlelaterintheprivacyoftheirhome。
Amongotherdutiesthatfelltomylotatthisperiodwerenumeroussuffragedebateswithpromi—
nentopponentsoftheCause。Ihavealreadyre—
ferredtothedebateinKansaswithSenatorIngalls。
EqualingthisinimportancewasaboutwithDr。
Buckley，thedistinguishedMethodistdebater，whichhadbeenarrangedforusatChautauquabyBishopVincentoftheMethodistChurch。Thebishopwasnotabelieverinsuffrage，norwasheoneofmyadmirers。Ihadoncearousedhisirebyreplyingtoasermonhehaddeliveredon``God’sWomen，’’
andbyproving，tomyownsatisfactionatleast，thatthewomenhethoughtwereGod’swomenhaddoneverylittle，whereastheworkoftheworldhadbeendonebythosehebelievedwerenot``God’sWomen。’’Therewasconsiderableinterest，there—
fore，intheBuckley—Shawdebatehehadarranged；
weallknewheexpectedDr。Buckleytowipeoutthatoldscore，andIwasdeterminedtomakeitasdifficultaspossibleforthedistinguishedgentlemantodoso。Weheldthedebateontwosucceedingdays，IspeakingoneafternoonandDr。Buckleyreplyingthefollowingday。OntheeveningbeforeIspoke，however，Dr。Buckleymadeanindiscreetremark，which，blownaboutChautauquaonthelightbreezeofgossip，wasgenerallyregardedasbothunchivalrousandunfair。
Asthehallinwhichweweretospeakwasenor—
mous，hedeclaredthatoneoftwothingswouldcer—
tainlyhappen。EitherIwouldscreaminordertobeheardbymygreataudience，orIwouldbeun—
abletomakemyselfheardatall。IfIscreameditwouldbeapowerfulargumentagainstwomenaspublicspeakers；ifIcouldnotbeheard，itwouldbeanevenbetterargument。Ineithercase，hesum—
medup，Iwasdoomedtofailure。Followingoutthistheory，hepostedmenintheextremerearofthegreathallonthedayofmylecture，toreporttohimwhethermywordsreachedthem，whilehehim—
selfgraciouslyoccupiedafrontseat。BishopVin—
cent’santagonisticfeelingwassostrong，however，thatthough，asthepresidingofficeroftheoccasion，heintroducedmetotheaudience，hedidnotwaittohearmyspeech，butimmediatelyleftthehall——
andthislittleslightaddedtothepublic’sinterestinthedebate。Itwasfeltthatthetwogentlemenwerenotquite``playingfair，’’andthechampionsoftheCausewereespeciallyenthusiasticintheireffortstomakeupforthesefailuresincourtesy。
Myfriendsturnedoutinforcetohearthelecture，andonthebreastofeveryoneofthemflamedtheyellowbowthatstoodforsuffrage，givingtothevasthallsomethingoftheeffectofafieldofyellowtulipsinfullbloom。
WhenDr。Buckleyrosetoreplythenextdaythesefriendswereagainawaitinghimwithanequal—
lyjocunddisplayofthesuffragecolor，andthisdidnotaddtohisserenity。Duringhisremarkshemadetheseriousmistakeoflosinghistemper；and，unfortunatelyforhim，hedirectedhiswrathtowardaveryoldmanwhohadthoughtlesslyapplaudedbypoundingonthefloorwithhiscanewhenDr。
BuckleyquotedapointIhadmade。Thedoctorleanedforwardandshookhisfistathim。
``Thinkshe’sright，doyou？’’heasked。
``Yes，’’admittedthevenerablecitizen，briskly，thoughalittlestartledbythemanneroftheques—
tion。
``Oldman，’’shoutedDr。Buckley，``I’llmakeyoutakethatbackifyou’vegotagrainofsenseinyourhead！’’
Theinsultcosthimhisaudience。Whenherealizedthishelostallhisself—possession，and，astheBuffaloCourierputitthenextday，``wentupanddowntheplatformravinglikeaBillingsgatefishwife。’’Helostthedebate，andthesupplyofyellowribbonleftinthesurroundingcountieswaspurchasedthatnighttobeusedinthesuffragecelebrationthatfollowed。Myfriendsstillrefertotheoccasionas``thedaywewipeduptheearthwithDr。Buckley’’；butIdonotdeservetheim—
pliedtribute，forDr。Buckleywouldhavelosthiscasewithoutawordfromme。Whatreallygavemesomesatisfaction，however，wastherespectivedegreeoffreshnesswithwhichheandIemergedfromourcombat。AftermyspeechMissAnthonyandIweregivenareception，andstoodforhoursshakinghandswithhundredsofmenandwomen。
Laterintheeveningwehadadinnerandanotherreception，which，lasting，astheydid，untilmidnight，keptusfromourrepose。Dr。Buckley，poorgentle—
man，hadtobetakentohishotelimmediatelyafterhisspeech，givenahotbath，rubbeddown，andputtenderlytobed；andnoteventhesympatheticheartofSusanB。Anthonyyearnedoverhimwhensheheardofhisexhaustion。
ItwasalsoatChautauqua，bytheway，thoughanumberofyearsearlier，thatIhadmymuchmis—
quotedencounterwiththeministerwhodeploredthefashionIfollowedinthosedaysofwearingmyhairshort。Thisyoungman，whowasratherapompousperson，sawfittotakemetotaskatatablewhereanumberofuswerediningtogether。
``MissShaw，’’hesaid，abruptly，``Ihavebeenaskedveryoftenwhyyouwearyourhairshort，andIhavenotbeenabletoexplain。Ofcourse’’——
thiskindly——’’Iknowthereissomegoodreason。I
venturedtoadvancethetheorythatyouhavebeenillandthatyourhairhasfallenout。Isthatit？’’
``No，’’Itoldhim。``Thereisareason，asyousuggest。Butitisnotthatone。’’
``Thenwhy——’’heinsisted。
``Iamrathersensitiveaboutit，’’Iexplained。
``Idon’tknowthatIcaretodiscussthesubject。’’
Theyoungministerlookedpained。``Butamongfriends——’’heprotested。
``True，’’Iconceded。``Well，then，amongfriends，Iwilladmitfranklythatitisabirthmark。Iwasbornwithshorthair。’’
Thatwasthelasttimemyshorthairwascriticizedinmypresence，buttheyoungministerwasrightinhisdisapprovalandIwaswrong，asIsubsequentlyrealized。AfewyearslaterIletmyhairgrowlong，forIhadlearnedthatnowomaninpubliclifecanaffordtomakeherselfconspicuousbyanyeccen—
tricityofdressorappearance。Ifshedoessoshesuffersforitherself，whichmaynotdisturbher，andtoagreaterorlessdegreesheinjuresthecausesherepresents，whichshoulddisturbherverymuch。