andsuchotheropinionsofyourmostgraveandreverenddoctors？Isthereanythingmorenecessary，fathers，formyvindication？And，asTertulliansays，\"cananythingbemorejustlyduetothevanityandweaknessoftheseopinionsthanlaughter？\"But，fathers，thecorruptionofmanners，towhichyourmaximslead，deservesanothersortofconsideration；anditbecomesustoask，withthesameancientwriter：\"Whetheroughtwetolaughattheirfolly，ordeploretheirblindness？—Rideamvanitatem，anexprobremcaecitatem？\"Myhumbleopinionisthatonemayeitherlaughatthemorweepoverthem，asoneisinthehumour。\"Haectolerabiliusvelridentur，velflentur，\"asSt。Augustinesays。TheScripturetellsusthat\"thereisatimetolaugh，andatimetoweep\"；andmyhopeis，fathers，thatImaynotfindverified，inyourcase，thesewordsintheProverbs：\"Ifawisemancontendethwithafoolishman，whetherherageorlaugh，thereisnorest。\"P。S。—Onfinishingthisletter，therewasputinmyhandsoneofyourpublications，inwhichyouaccusemeoffalsification，inthecaseofsixofyourmaximsquotedbyme，andalsowithbeingincorrespondencewithheretics。Youwillshortlyreceive，Itrust，asuitablereply；afterwhich，fathers，Iratherthinkyouwillnotfeelveryanxioustocontinuethisspeciesofwarfare。LETTERXII
TOTHEREVERENDFATHERS，THEJESUITSSeptember9，1656REVERENDFATHERS，Iwaspreparedtowriteyouonthesubjectoftheabusewithwhichyouhaveforsometimepastbeenassailingmeinyourpublications，inwhichyousalutemewithsuchepithetsas\"reprobate，\"\"buffoon，\"\"blockhead，\"\"merry—Andrew，\"\"impostor，\"
\"slanderer，\"\"cheat，\"\"heretic，\"\"Calvinistindisguise，\"\"discipleofDuMoulin，\"\"possessedwithalegionofdevils，\"andeverythingelseyoucanthinkof。AsIshouldbesorrytohaveallthisbelievedofme，Iwasanxioustoshowthepublicwhyyoutreatedmeinthismanner；andIhadresolvedtocomplainofyourcalumniesandfalsifications，whenImetwithyourAnswers，inwhichyoubringthesesamechargesagainstmyself。Thiswillcompelmetoaltermyplan；thoughitwillnotpreventmefromprosecutingitinsomesort，forIhope，whiledefendingmyself，toconvictyouofimposturesmoregenuinethantheimaginaryoneswhichyouhaveascribedtome。Indeed，fathers，thesuspicionoffoulplayismuchmoresuretorestonyouthanonme。Itisnotverylikely，standingasIdo，alone，withoutpoweroranyhumandefenceagainstsuchalargebody，andhavingnosupportbuttruthandintegrity，thatIwouldexposemyselftoloseeverythingbylayingmyselfopentobeconvictedofimposture。Itistooeasytodiscoverfalsificationsinmattersoffactsuchasthepresent。
Insuchacasetherewouldhavebeennowantofpersonstoaccuseme，norwouldjusticehavebeendeniedthem。Withyou，fathers，thecaseisverydifferent；youmaysayasmuchasyoupleaseagainstme，whileImaylookinvainforanytocomplainto。Withsuchawidedifferencebetweenourpositions，thoughtherehadbeennootherconsiderationtorestrainme，itbecamemetostudynolittlecaution。Bytreatingme，however，asacommonslanderer，youcompelmetoassumethedefensive，andyoumustbeawarethatthiscannotbedonewithoutenteringintoafreshexpositionandevenintoafullerdisclosureofthepointsofyourmorality。Inprovokingthisdiscussion，Ifearyouarenotactingasgoodpoliticians。Thewarmustbewagedwithinyourowncampandatyourownexpense；and，althoughyouimaginethat，byembroilingthequestionswithscholasticterms，theanswerswillbesotedious，thorny，andobscure，thatpeoplewillloseallrelishforthecontroversy，thismaynot，perhaps，turnouttobeexactlythecase；Ishallusemybestendeavourstotaxyourpatienceaslittleaspossiblewiththatsortofwriting。Yourmaximshavesomethingdivertingaboutthem，whichkeepsupthegoodhumourofpeopletothelast。Atallevents，rememberthatitisyouthatobligemetoenteruponthiseclaircissement，andletusseewhichofuscomesoffbestinself—defence。ThefirstofyourImpostures，asyoucallthem，isontheopinionofVasquezuponalms—giving。
Toavoidallambiguity，then，allowmetogiveasimpleexplanationofthematterindispute。Itiswellknown，fathers，that，accordingtothemindoftheChurch，therearetwopreceptstouchingalms：1st，\"Togiveoutofoursuperfluityinthecaseoftheordinarynecessitiesofthepoor\"；
and2nd，\"Togiveevenoutofournecessaries，accordingtoourcircumstances，incasesofextremenecessity。\"ThussaysCajetan，afterSt。Thomas；sothat，togetatthemindofVasquezonthissubject，wemustconsidertheruleshelaysdown，bothinregardtonecessariesandsuperfluities。Withregardtosuperfluity，whichisthemostcommonsourceofrelieftothepoor，itisentirelysetasidebythatsinglemaximwhichIhavequotedinmyLetters：\"Thatwhatthemenoftheworldkeepwiththeviewofimprovingtheirowncondition，andthatoftheirrelatives，isnotproperlysuperfluity；
sothatsuchathingassuperfluityisrarelytobemetwithamongmenoftheworld，notevenexceptingkings。\"Itisveryeasytosee，fathers，that，accordingtothisdefinition，nonecanhavesuperfluity，providedtheyhaveambition；andthus，sofarasthegreaterpartoftheworldisconcerned，alms—givingisannihilated。Buteventhoughamanshouldhappentohavesuperfluity，hewouldbeundernoobligation，accordingtoVasquez，togiveitawayinthecaseofordinarynecessity；forheprotestsagainstthosewhowouldthusbindtherich。Herearehisownwords：\"Corduba，\"
sayshe，\"teachesthatwhenwehaveasuperfluityweareboundtogiveoutofitincasesofordinarynecessity；butthisdoesnotpleaseme—
sedhocnonplacet—forwehavedemonstratedthecontraryagainstCajetanandNavarre。\"So，fathers，theobligationtothiskindofalmsiswhollysetaside，accordingtothegoodpleasureofVasquez。Withregardtonecessaries，outofwhichweareboundtogiveincasesofextremeandurgentnecessity，itmustbeobvious，fromtheconditionsbywhichhehaslimitedtheobligation，therichestmaninallParismaynotcomewithinitsreachoneinalifetime。
Ishallonlyrefertotwoofthese。Thefirstis：That\"wemustknowthatthepoormancannotberelievedfromanyotherquarter—haecintelligoetcaeteraomnia，quandoSCIOnullumaliumopemlaturum。\"Whatsayyoutothis，fathers？IsitlikelytohappenfrequentlyinParis，wheretherearesomanycharitablepeople，thatImustknowthatthereisnotanothersoulbutmyselftorelievethepoorwretchwhobegsanalmsfromme？Andyet，accordingtoVasquez，ifIhavenotascertainedthatfact，Imaysendhimawaywithnothing。Thesecondconditionis：Thatthepoormanbereducedtosuchstraits\"thatheismenacedwithsomefatalaccident，ortheruinofhischaracter\"—noneofthemverycommonoccurrences。Butwhatmarksstillmoretherarityofthecasesinwhichoneisboundtogivecharity，ishisremark，inanotherpassage，thatthepoormanmustbesoilloff，\"thathemayconscientiouslyrobtherichman！\"Thismustsurelybeaveryextraordinarycase，unlesshewillinsistthatamanmaybeordinarilyallowedtocommitrobbery。Andso，afterhavingcancelledtheobligationtogivealmsoutofoursuperfluities，heobligestherichtorelievethepooronlyinthosecaseswhenhewouldallowthepoortorifletherich！
SuchisthedoctrineofVasquez，towhomyoureferyourreadersfortheiredification！InowcometoyourpretendedImpostures。Youbeginbyenlargingontheobligationtoalms—givingwhichVasquezimposesonecclesiastics。
ButonthispointIhavesaidnothing；andIampreparedtotakeitupwheneveryouchoose。This，then，hasnothingtodowiththepresentquestion。
Asforlaymen，whoaretheonlypersonswithwhomwehavenowtodo，youareapparentlyanxioustohaveitunderstoodthat，inthepassagewhichIquoted，Vasquezisgivingnothisownjudgement，butthatofCajetan。
Butasnothingcouldbemorefalsethanthis，andasyouhavenotsaiditinsomanyterms，Iamwillingtobelieve，forthesakeofyourcharacter，thatyoudidnotintendtosayit。Younextloudlycomplainthat，afterquotingthatmaximofVasquez，\"Suchathingassuperfluityisrarelyifevertobemetwithamongmenoftheworld，notexceptingkings，\"Ihaveinferredfromit，\"thatthericharerarely，ifever，boundtogivealmsoutoftheirsuperfluity。\"Butwhatdoyoumeantosay，fathers？Ifitbetruethattherichhavealmostneversuperfluity，isitnotobviousthattheywillalmostneverbeboundtogivealmsoutoftheirsuperfluity？
Imighthaveputitintotheformofasyllogismforyou，ifDiana，whohassuchanesteemforVasquezthathecallshim\"thephoenixofgenius，\"
hadnotdrawnthesameconclusionfromthesamepremisses；for，afterquotingthemaximofVasquez，heconcludes，\"that，withregardtothequestion，whethertherichareobligedtogivealmsoutoftheirsuperfluity，thoughtheaffirmationweretrue，itwouldseldom，oralmostnever，happentobeobligatoryinpractice。\"Ihavefollowedthislanguagewordforword。
What，then，arewetomakeofthis，fathers？WhenDianaquoteswithapprobationthesentimentsofVasquez，whenhefindsthemprobable，and\"veryconvenientforrichpeople，\"ashesaysinthesameplace，heisnoslanderer，nofalsifier，andwehearnocomplaintsofmisrepresentinghisauthor；whereas，whenIcitethesamesentimentsofVasquez，thoughwithoutholdinghimupasaphoenix，Iamaslanderer，afabricator，acorrupterofhismaxims。
Truly，fathers，youhavesomereasontobeapprehensive，lestyourverydifferenttreatmentofthosewhoagreeintheirrepresentation，anddifferonlyintheirestimateofyourdoctrine，discovertherealsecretofyourheartsandprovoketheconclusionthatthemainobjectyouhaveinviewistomaintainthecreditandgloryofyourCompany。Itappearsthat，providedyouraccommodatingtheologyistreatedasjudiciouscomplaisance，youneverdisavowthosethatpublishit，butlaudthemascontributingtoyourdesign；
butletitbeheldforthasperniciouslaxity，andthesameinterestofyourSocietypromptsyoutodisclaimthemaximswhichwouldinjureyouinpublicestimation。Andthusyourecognizeorrenouncethem，notaccordingtothetruth，whichneverchanges，butaccordingtotheshiftingexigenciesofthetimes，actingonthatmottoofoneoftheancients，\"Omniaprotempore，nihilproveritate—Anythingforthetimes，nothingforthetruth。\"Bewareofthis，fathers；andthatyoumayneverhaveitinyourpoweragaintosaythatIdrewfromtheprincipleofVasquezaconclusionwhichhehaddisavowed，Ibegtoinformyouthathehasdrawnithimself：\"AccordingtotheopinionofCajetan，andaccordingtomyown—etsecundumnostram—
（hesays，chap。i。，no。27），oneishardlyobligedtogivealmsatallwhenoneisonlyobligedtogivethemoutofone’ssuperfluity。\"Confessthen，fathers，onthetestimonyofVasquezhimself，thatIhaveexactlycopiedhissentiment；andthinkhowyoucouldhavetheconsciencetosaythat\"thereader，onconsultingtheoriginal，wouldseetohisastonishmentthathethereteachestheveryreverse！\"Infine，youinsist，aboveall，thatifVasquezdoesnotbindtherichtogivealmsoutoftheirsuperfluity，heobligesthemtoatoneforthisbygivingoutofthenecessariesoflife。
Butyouhaveforgottentomentionthelistofconditionswhichhedeclarestobeessentialtoconstitutethatobligation，whichIhavequoted，andwhichrestrictitinsuchawayasalmostentirelytoannihilateit。Inplaceofgivingthishoneststatementofhisdoctrine，youtellus，ingeneralterms，thatheobligestherichtogiveevenwhatisnecessarytotheircondition。Thisisprovingtoomuch，fathers；theruleoftheGospeldoesnotgosofar；anditwouldbeanerror，intowhichVasquezisveryfar，indeed，fromhavingfallen。Tocoverhislaxity，youattributetohimanexcessofseveritywhichwouldbereprehensible；andthusyouloseallcreditasfaithfulreportersofhissentiments。Butthetruthis，Vasquezisquitefreefromanysuchsuspicion；forhehasmaintained，asIhaveshown，thatthericharenotbound，eitherinjusticeorincharity，togiveoftheirsuperfluities，andstilllessoftheirnecessaries，torelievetheordinarywantsofthepoor；andthattheyarenotobligedtogiveofthenecessaries，exceptincasessorarethattheyalmostneverhappen。Havingdisposedofyourobjectionsagainstmeonthishead，itonlyremainstoshowthefalsehoodofyourassertionthatVasquezismoreseverethanCajetan。Thiswillbyveryeasilydone。Thatcardinalteaches\"thatweareboundinjusticetogivealmsoutofoursuperfluity，evenintheordinarywantsofthepoor；because，accordingtotheholyfathers，thericharemerelythedispensersoftheirsuperfluity，whichtheyaretogivetowhomtheyplease，amongthosewhohaveneedofit。\"Andaccordingly，unlikeDiana，whosaysofthemaximsofVasquezthattheywillbe\"veryconvenientandagreeabletotherichandtheirconfessors，\"thecardinal，whohasnosuchconsolationtoaffordthem，declaresthathehasnothingtosaytotherichbutthesewordsofJesusChrist：\"Itiseasierforacameltogothroughtheeyeofaneedle，thanforarichmantoenterintoheaven\"；andtotheirconfessors：\"Iftheblindleadtheblind，bothshallfallintotheditch。\"Soindispensabledidhedeemthisobligation！This，too，iswhatthefathersandallthesaintshavelaiddownasacertaintruth。\"Therearetwocases，\"saysSt。Thomas，\"inwhichweareboundtogivealmsasamatterofjustice—exdebitolegali：one，whenthepoorareindanger；theother，whenwepossesssuperfluousproperty。\"Andagain：
\"Thethree—tenthswhichtheJewswereboundtoeatwiththepoor，havebeenaugmentedunderthenewlaw；forJesusChristwillsthatwegivetothepoor，notthetenthonly，butthewholeofoursuperfluity。\"AndyetitdoesnotseemgoodtoVasquezthatweshouldbeobligedtogiveevenafragmentofoursuperfluity；suchishiscomplaisancetotherich，suchhishardnesstothepoor，suchhisoppositiontothosefeelingsofcharitywhichteachustorelishthetruthcontainedinthefollowingwordsofSt。Gregory，harshasitmaysoundtotherichofthisworld：\"Whenwegivethepoorwhatisnecessarytothem，wearenotsomuchbestowingonthemwhatisourpropertyasrenderingtothemwhatistheirown；anditmaybesaidtobeanactofjusticeratherthanaworkofmercy。\"Itisthusthatthesaintsrecommendtherichtosharewiththepoorthegoodthingsofthisearth，iftheywouldexpecttopossesswiththemthegoodthingsofheaven。Whileyoumakeityourbusinesstofosterinthebreastsofmenthatambitionwhichleavesnosuperfluitytodisposeof，andthatavaricewhichrefusestopartwithit，thesaintshavelabouredtoinducetherichtogiveuptheirsuperfluity，andtoconvincethemthattheywouldhaveabundanceofit，providedtheymeasuredit，notbythestandardofcovetousness，whichknowsnoboundstoitscravings，butbythatofpiety，whichisingeniousinretrenchments，soastohavewherewithtodiffuseitselfintheexerciseofcharity。\"Wewillhaveagreatdealofsuperfluity，\"
saysSt。Augustine，\"ifwekeeponlywhatisnecessary：butifweseekaftervanities，wewillneverhaveenough。Seek，brethren，whatissufficientfortheworkofGod\"—thatis，fornature—\"andnotforwhatissufficientforyourcovetousness，\"whichistheworkofthedevil：\"andrememberthatthesuperfluitiesofthericharethenecessariesofthepoor。\"Iwouldfondlytrust，fathers，thatwhatIhavenowsaidtoyoumayserve，notonlyformyvindication—thatwereasmallmatter—butalsotomakeyoufeelanddetestwhatiscorruptinthemaximsofyourcasuists，andthusuniteussincerelyunderthesacredrulesoftheGospel，accordingtowhichwemustallbejudged。Astothesecondpoint，whichregardssimony，beforeproceedingtoanswerthechargesyouhaveadvancedagainstme，Ishallbeginbyillustratingyourdoctrineonthissubject。Findingyourselvesplacedinanawkwarddilemma，betweenthecanonsoftheChurch，whichimposedreadfulpenaltiesuponsimoniacs，ontheonehand，andtheavariceofmanywhopursuethisinfamoustrafficontheother，youhaverecoursetoyourordinarymethod，whichistoyieldtomenwhattheydesire，andgivetheAlmightyonlywordsandshows。Forwhatelsedoesthesimoniacwantbutmoneyinreturnforhisbenefice？Andyetthisiswhatyouexemptfromthechargeofsimony。Andasthenameofsimonymuststillremainstanding，andasubjecttowhichitmaybeascribed，youhavesubstituted，intheplaceofthis，animaginaryidea，whichneveryetcrossedthebrainofasimoniac，andwouldnotservehimmuchthoughitdid—theidea，namely，thatsimonyliesinestimatingthemoneyconsideredinitselfashighlyasthespiritualgiftorofficeconsideredinitself。Whowouldevertakeitintohisheadtocomparethingssoutterlydisproportionateandheterogeneous？
Andyet，providedthismetaphysicalcomparisonbenotdrawn，anyonemay，accordingtoyourauthors，giveawayabenefice，andreceivemoneyinreturnforit，withoutbeingguiltyofsimony。Suchisthewayinwhichyousportwithreligion，inordertogratifytheworstpassionsofmen；andyetonlyseewithwhatgravityyourFatherValentiadelivershisrhapsodiesinthepassagecitedinmyletters。Hesays：\"Onemaygiveaspiritualforatemporalgoodintwoways—first，inthewayofprizingthetemporalmorethanthespiritual，andthatwouldbesimony；secondly，inthewayoftakingthetemporalasthemotiveandendinducingonetogiveawaythespiritual，butwithoutprizingthetemporalmorethanthespiritual，andthenitisnotsimony。Andthereasonisthatsimonyconsistsinreceivingsomethingtemporalasthejustpriceofwhatisspiritual。If，therefore，thetemporalissought—sipetaturtemporale—notastheprice，butonlyasthemotivedeterminingustopartwiththespiritual，itisbynomeanssimony，evenalthoughthepossessionofthetemporalmaybeprincipallyintendedandexpected—minimeeritsimonia，etiamsitemporaleprincipaliterintendaturetexpectetur。\"YourredoubtableSanchezhasbeenfavouredwithasimilarrevelation；Escobarquoteshimthus：\"Ifonegiveaspiritualforatemporalgood，notastheprice，butasamotivetoinducethecollatortogiveit，orasanacknowledgementifthebeneficehasbeenactuallyreceived，isthatsimony？Sanchezassuresusthatitisnot。\"InyourCaenThesesof1644yousay：\"Itisaprobableopinion，taughtbymanyCatholics，thatitisnotsimonytoexchangeatemporalforaspiritualgood，whentheformerisnotgivenasaprice。\"AndastoTanner，hereishisdoctrine，exactlythesamewiththatofValentia；andIquoteitagaintoshowyouhowfarwrongitisinyoutocomplainofmeforsayingthatitdoesnotagreewiththatofSt。Thomas，forheavowsithimselfintheverypassagewhichIquotedinmyletter：\"Thereisproperlyandtrulynosimony，\"sayshe，\"unlesswhenatemporalgoodistakenasthepriceofaspiritual；
butwhentakenmerelyasthemotiveforgivingthespiritual，orasanacknowledgementforhavingreceivedit，thisisnotsimony，atleastinpointofconscience。\"Andagain：\"Thesamethingmaybesaid，althoughthetemporalshouldberegardedastheprincipalend，andevenpreferredtothespiritual；althoughSt。Thomasandothersappeartoholdthereverse，inasmuchastheymaintainittobedownrightsimonytoexchangeaspiritualforatemporalgood，whenthetemporalistheendofthetransaction。\"
Such，then，beingyourdoctrineonsimony，astaughtbyyourbestauthors，whofolloweachotherverycloselyinthispoint，itonlyremainsnowtoreplytoyourchargesofmisrepresentation。YouhavetakennonoticeofValentia’sopinion，sothathisdoctrinestandsasitwasbefore。ButyoufixonthatofTanner，maintainingthathehasmerelydecidedittobenosimonybydivineright；andyouwouldhaveittobebelievedthat，inquotingthepassage，Ihavesuppressedthesewords，divineright。This，fathers，isamostunconscionabletrick；forthesewords，divineright，neverexistedinthatpassage。YouaddthatTannerdeclaresittobesimonyaccordingtopositiveright。Butyouaremistaken；hedoesnotsaythatgenerally，butonlyofparticularcases，or，asheexpressesit，incasibusajureexpressis，bywhichhemakesanexceptiontothegeneralrulehehadlaiddowninthatpassage，\"thatitisnotsimonyinpointofconscience，\"
whichmustimplythatitisnotsoinpointofpositiveright，unlessyouwouldhaveTannermadesoimpiousastomaintainthatsimony，inpointofpositiveright，isnotsimonyinpointofconscience。Butitiseasytoseeyourdriftinmusteringupsuchtermsas\"divineright，positiveright，naturalright，internalandexternaltribunal，expressedcases，outwardpresumption，\"andothersequallylittleknown；youmeantoescapeunderthisobscurityoflanguage，andmakeuslosesightofyouraberrations。
But，fathers，youshallnotescapebythesevainartifices；forIshallputsomequestionstoyousosimple，thattheywillnotadmitofcomingunderyourdistinguo。Iaskyou，then，withoutspeakingof\"positiverights，\"
of\"outwardpresumptions，\"or\"externaltribunals\"—Iaskif，accordingtoyourauthors，abeneficiarywouldbesimoniacal，werehetogiveabeneficeworthfourthousandlivresofyearlyrent，andtoreceivetenthousandfrancsreadymoney，notasthepriceofthebenefice，butmerelyasamotiveinducinghimtogiveit？Answermeplainly，fathers：Whatmustwemakeofsuchacaseasthisaccordingtoyourauthors？WillnotTannertellusdecidedlythat\"thisisnotsimonyinpointofconscience，seeingthatthetemporalgoodisnotthepriceofthebenefice，butonlythemotiveinducingtodisposeofit？\"WillnotValentia，willnotyourownThesesofCaen，willnotSanchezandEscobar，agreeinthesamedecisionandgivethesamereasonforit？Isanythingmorenecessarytoexculpatethatbeneficiaryfromsimony？And，whatevermightbeyourprivateopinionofthecase，durstyoudealwiththatmanasasimonistinyourconfessionals，whenhewouldbeentitledtostopyourmouthbytellingyouthatheactedaccordingtotheadviceofsomanygravedoctors？Confesscandidly，then，that，accordingtoyourviews，thatmanwouldbenosimonist；and，havingdoneso，defendthedoctrineasyoubestcan。Such，fathers，isthetruemodeoftreatingquestions，inordertounravel，insteadofperplexingthem，eitherbyscholasticterms，or，asyouhavedoneinyourlastchargeagainstmehere，byalteringthestateofthequestion。Tanner，yousay，has，atanyrate，declaredthatsuchanexchangeisagreatsin；andyoublamemeforhavingmaliciouslysuppressedthiscircumstance，which，youmaintain，\"completelyjustifieshim。\"Butyouarewrongagain，andthatinmorewaysthanone。For，first，thoughwhatyousayhadbeentrue，itwouldbenothingtothepoint，thequestioninthepassagetowhichIreferredbeing，notifitwassin，butifitwassimony。Now，thesearetwoverydifferentquestions。Sin，accordingtoyourmaxims，obligesonlytoconfession—simonyobligestorestitution；
andtherearepeopletowhomthesemayappeartwoverydifferentthings。
Youhavefoundexpedientsformakingconfessionaveryeasyaffair；butyouhavenotfallenuponwaysandmeanstomakerestitutionanagreeableone。AllowmetoaddthatthecasewhichTannerchargeswithsinisnotsimplythatinwhichaspiritualgoodisexchangedforatemporal，thelatterbeingtheprincipalendinview，butthatinwhichtheparty\"prizesthetemporalabovethespiritual，\"whichistheimaginarycasealreadyspokenof。Anditmustbeallowedhecouldnotgofarwronginchargingsuchacaseasthatwithsin，sincethatmanmustbeeitherverywickedorverystupidwho，whenpermittedtoexchangetheonethingfortheother，wouldnotavoidthesinofthetransactionbysuchasimpleprocessasthatofabstainingfromcomparingthetwothingstogether。Besides，Valentia，intheplacequoted，whentreatingthequestion—ifitbesinfultogiveaspiritualgoodforatemporal，thelatterbeingthemainconsideration—