第40章
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  Iwasashamedtohavemadethatblunder。Iwasembarrassed;tocoveritIstartedtosayweusedtocombinethemlikethatwhereIcamefrom,butthoughtbetterofit,andstoodpat。

  \"Nowthen,\"Isaid,\"itamountstothis:waterisanindividual,ananimal,andisalive;removethehydrogenanditisananimalandisalive;theremainingoxygenisalsoanindividual,ananimal,andisalive。Recapitulation:thetwoindividualscombinedconstituteathirdindividual——andyeteachcontinuestobeanindividual。\"

  IglancedatFranklin,but……uponreflection,heldmypeace。I

  couldhavepointedouttohimthatherewasmuteNatureexplainingthesublimemysteryoftheTrinitysoluminously——thateventhecommonestunderstandingcouldcomprehendit,whereasmanyatrainedmasterofwordshadlaboredtodoitwithspeechandfailed。ButhewouldnothaveknownwhatIwastalkingabout。AfteramomentIresumed:

  \"Listen——andseeifIhaveunderstoodyourightly,towit:Alltheatomsthatconstituteeachoxygenmoleculeareseparateindividuals,andeachisalivinganimal;alltheatomsthatconstituteeachhydrogenmoleculeareseparateindividuals,andeachoneisalivinganimal;eachdropofwaterconsistsofmillionsoflivinganimals,thedropitselfisanindividual,alivinganimal,andthewideoceanisanother。Isthatit?\"

  \"Yes,thatiscorrect。\"

  \"ByGeorge,itbeatstheband!\"

  Helikedtheexpression,andsetitdowninhistablets。

  \"Franklin,we’vegotitdownfine。Andtothink——thereareotheranimalsthatarestillsmallerthanahydrogenatom,andyetitissosmallthatittakesfivethousandofthemtomakeamolecule——amoleculesominutethatitcouldgetintoamicrobe’seyeandhewouldn’tknowitwasthere!\"

  \"Yes,theweecreaturesthatinhabitthebodiesofusgermsandfeeduponus,androtuswithdisease:Ah,whatcouldtheyhavebeencreatedfor?

  Theygiveuspain,theymakeourlivesmiserable,theymurderus—andwhereistheuseofitall,wherethewisdom?Ah,friendBkshp[microbicorthography],weliveinastrangeandunaccountableworld;ourbirthisamystery,ourlittlelifeisamystery,atrouble,wepassandareseennomore;allismystery,mystery,mystery;weknownotwhencewecame,norwhy;weknownotwhitherwego,norwhywego。Weonlyknowwewerenotmadeinvain,weonlyknowweweremadeforawisepurpose,andthatalliswell!Weshallnotbecastasideincontumelyandunblestafterallwehavesuffered。Letusbepatient,letusnotrepine,letustrust。Thehumblestofusiscaredfor——oh,believeit!——andthisfleetingstayisnottheend!\"

  Younoticethat?Hedidnotsuspectthathe,also,wasengagedingnawing,torturing,defiling,rotting,andmurderingafellow—creature——

  heandalltheswarmingbillionsofhisrace。Noneofthemsuspectsit。

  Thatissignificant。Itissuggestive——irresistiblysuggestive——

  insistentlysuggestive。Ithintsatthepossibilitythattheprocessionofknownandlisteddevourersandpersecutorsisnotcomplete。Itsuggeststhepossibility,andsubstantiallythecertainty,thatmanishimselfamicrobe,andhisglobeablood—corpuscledriftingwithitsshiningbrethrenoftheMilkyWaydownaveinoftheMasterandMakerofallthings,whosebody,mayhap——glimpsedpart—wisefromtheearthbynight,andrecedingandlosttoviewinthemeasurelessremotenessesofspace——iswhatmennametheUniverse。

  Yes,thatwasalloldtome,buttofindthatourlittleoldfamiliarmicrobeswerethemselvesloadedupwithmicrobesthatfedthem,enrichedthem,andpersistentlyandfaithfullypreservedthemandtheirpooroldtramp—planetfromdestruction——oh,thatwasnew,andtoodelicious!

  Iwantedtoseethem!Iwasinafevertoseethem!Ihadlensestotwo—millionpower,butofcoursethefieldwasnobiggerthanaperson’sfinger—nail,andsoitwasn’tpossibletocompassaconsiderablespectacleoralandscapewiththem;whereaswhatIhadbeencravingwasathirty—footfield,whichwouldrepresentaspreadofseveralmilesofcountryandshowupthingsinawaytomakethemworthlookingat。TheboysandIhadoftentriedtocontrivethisimprovement,buthadfailed。

  ImentionedthemattertotheDukeanditmadehimsmile。Hesaiditwasaquitesimplething—hehaditathome。Iwaseagertobargainforthesecret,buthesaiditwasatrifleandnotworthbargainingfor。

  Hesaid:

  \"Hasn’titoccurredtoyouthatallyouhavetodoistobendanX—raytoanangle—valueof8。4andrefractitwithaparabolism,andthereyouare?\"

  Uponmyword,Ihadneverthoughtofthatsimplething!Youcouldhaveknockedmedownwithafeather。

  Weriggedamicroscopeforanexhibitionatonceandputadropofmybloodunderit,whichgotmashedflatwhenthelensgotshutdownuponit。Theresultwasbeyondmydreams。Thefieldstretchedmilesaway,greenandundulating,threadedwithstreamsandroads,andborderedalldownthemellowingdistanceswithpicturesquehills。Andtherewasagreatwhitecityoftents;andeverywherewereparksofartilleryanddivisionsofcavalryandinfantrywaiting。Wehadhitaluckymoment,evidentlytherewasgoingtobeamarch—pastorsomethinglikethat。Atthefrontwherethechiefbannerflewtherewasalargeandshowytent,withshowyguardsonduty,andaboutitweresomeothertentsofaswellkind。

  Thewarriors——particularlytheofficers——werelovelytolookat,theyweresotrim—builtandsogracefulandsohandsomelyuniformed。Theywerequitedistinct,vividlydistinct,foritwasafineday,andtheyweresoimmenselymagnifiedthattheylookedtobefullyafinger—nailhigh。——[Myownexpression,andaquitehappyone。IsaidtotheDuke:

  \"YourGrace,they’rejustaboutfinger—milers!\"

  \"Howdoyoumean,m’lord?\"

  \"This。YounoticethestatelyGeneralstandingtherewithhishandrestinguponthemuzzleofacannon?Well,ifyoucouldstickyourlittlefingerdownagainstthegroundalongsideofhimhisplumeswouldjustreachuptowhereyournailjoinstheflesh。\"TheDukesaid\"finger—milerswasgood\"—goodandexact;andheafterwarduseditseveraltimeshimself。]——Everywhereyoucouldseeofficersmovingsmartlyabout,andtheylookedgay,butthecommonsoldierslookedsad。Manywife—

  swinks[\"Swinks,\"anatomicrace]anddaughter—swinksandsweetheart—

  swinkswereabout——crying,mainly。Itseemedtoindicatethatthiswasacaseofwar,notasummer—campforexercise,andthatthepoorlabor—

  swinkswerebeingtornfromtheirplanet—savingindustriestogoanddistributecivilizationandotherformsofsufferingamongthefeeblebenightedsomewhere;elsewhyshouldtheswinkessescry?

  Thecavalrywasveryfine——shinyblackhorses,shapelyandspirited;andpresentlywhenaflashoflightstruckaliftedbugledeliveringacommandwhichwecouldn’thearandadivisioncametearingdownonagallopitwasastirringandgallantsight,untilthedustroseaninch——

  theDukethoughtmore——andswalloweditupinarollingandtumblinglonggraycloud,withbrightweaponsglintingandsparklinginit。

  Beforelongtherealbusinessoftheoccasionbegan。Abattalionofpriestsarrivedcarryingsacredpictures。Thatsettledit:thiswaswar;

  thesefar—stretchingmassesoftroopswereboundforthefront。Theirlittlemonarchcameoutnow,thesweetestlittlethingthatevertravestiedthehumanshapeIthink,andhelifteduphishandsandblessedthepassingarmies,andtheylookedasgratefulastheycould,andmadesignsofhumbleandrealreverenceastheydriftedbytheholypictures。

  Itwasbeautiful——thewholething;andwonderful,too,whenthoseserriedmassesswungintolineandwentmarchingdownthevalleyunderthelongarrayofflutteringflags。

  Evidentlytheyweregoingsomewheretofightfortheirking,whichwasthelittlemannythatblessedthem;andtopreservehimandhisbrethrenthatoccupiedtheotherswelltents;tocivilizeandgraspavaluablelittleunwatchedcountryforthemsomewhere。Butthelittlefellowandhisbrethrendidn’tfallin——thatwasanoticeableparticular。Theydidn’tfight;theystayedathome,whereitwassafe,andwaitedfortheswag。

  Verywell,then—whatoughtwetodo?Hadwenomoraldutytoperform?

  Oughtwetoallowthiswartobegin?Wasitnotourdutytostopit,inthenameofrightandrighteousness?WasitnotourdutytoadministerarebuketothisselfishandheartlessFamily?

  TheDukewasstruckbythat,andgreatlymoved。HefeltasIdidaboutit,andwasreadytodowhateverwasright,andthoughtweoughttopourboilingwaterontheFamilyandextinguishit,whichwedid。

  Itextinguishedthearmies,too,whichwasnotintended。Webothregrettedthis,buttheDukesaidthatthesepeoplewerenothingtous,anddeservedextinctionanywayforbeingsopoor—spiritedastoservesuchaFamily。Hewasloyallydoingthelikehimself,andsowasI,butIdon’tthinkwethoughtofthat。Anditwasn’tjustthesame,anyway,becauseweweresooflaskies,andtheywereonlyswinks。

  Franklinrealizesthatnoatomisdestructible;thatithasalwaysexistedandwillexistforever;buthethinksallatomswillgooutofthisworldsomedayandcontinuetheirlifeinahappierone。OldTolliverthinksnoatom’slifewilleverend,buthealsothinksBlitzowskiistheonlyworlditwilleversee,andthatatnotimeinitseternitywillitbeeitherworseofforbetteroffthanitisnowandalwayshasbeen。OfcoursehethinkstheplanetBlitzowskiisitselfeternalandindestructible——atanyratehesayshethinksthat。Itcouldmakemesad,onlyIknowbetter。D。T。willfetchBlitzyyetoneofthesedays。

  Butthesearealienthoughts,humanthoughts,andtheyfalselyindicatethatIdonotwantthistramptogoonliving。Whatwouldbecomeofmeifheshoulddisintegrate?Mymoleculeswouldscatterallaroundandtakeupnewquartersinhundredsofplantsandanimals;eachwouldcarryitsspecialfeelingsalongwithit,eachwouldbecontentinitsnewestate,butwhereshouldIbe?Ishouldnothavearagofafeelingleft,aftermydisintegration——withhis——wascomplete。Nothingtothinkwith,nothingtogrieveorrejoicewith,nothingtohopeordespairwith。

  Therewouldbenomoreme。Ishouldbemusingandthinkinganddreamingsomewhereelse——insomedistantanimalmaybe——perhapsacat——byproxyofmyoxygenIshouldberagingandfuminginsomeothercreatures——arat,perhaps;IshouldbesmilingandhopinginstillanotherchildofNature——heirtomyhydrogen——aweed,oracabbage,orsomething;mycarbonicacidambitionwouldbedreamingdreamsinsomelowlywood—violetthatwaslongingforashowycareer;thusmydetailswouldbedoingasmuchfeelingasever,butIshouldnotbeawareofit,itwouldallbegoingonforthebenefitofthoseothers,andInotinitatall。Ishouldbegraduallywastingaway,atombyatom,moleculebymolecule,astheyearswenton,andatlastIshouldbealldistributed,andnothingleftofwhathadoncebeenMe。Itiscurious,andnotwithoutimpressiveness:I

  shouldstillbealive,intenselyalive,butsoscatteredthatIwouldnotknowit。Ishouldnotbedead——no,onecannotcallitthat——butIshouldbethenextthingtoit。Andtothinkwhatcenturiesandagesandaeonswoulddriftovermebeforethedisintegrationwasfinished,thelastboneturnedtogasandblownaway!IwishIknewwhatitisgoingtofeellike,toliehelplesssuchaweary,wearytime,andseemyfacultiesdecayanddepart,onebyone,likelightswhichburnlow,andflickerandperish,untiltheever—deepeninggloomanddarknesswhich——oh,away,awaywiththesehorrors,andletmethinkofsomethingwholesome!

  Mytrampisonly85;thereisgoodhopethathewilllivetenyearslonger——500,000ofmymicrobeyears。Somayitbe。

  Oh,dear,weareallsowise!Eachofusknowsitall,andknowsheknowsitall——therest,toaman,arefoolsanddeluded。Onemanknowsthereisahell,thenextoneknowsthereisn’t;onemanknowshightariffisright,thenextmanknowsitisn’t;onemanknowsmonarchyisbest,thenextoneknowsitisn’t;oneageknowstherearewitches,thenextoneknowstherearen’t;onesectknowsitsreligionistheonlytrueone,therearesixty—fourthousandfivehundredmillionsectsthatknowitisn’tso。Thereisnotamindpresentamongthismultitudeofverdict—deliverersthatisthesuperiorofthemindsthatpersuadeandrepresenttherestofthedivisionsofthemultitude。Yetthissarcasticfactdoesnothumblethearrogancenordiminishtheknow—it—allbulkofasingleverdict—makerofthelotbysomuchasashade。Mindisplainlyanass,butitwillbemanyagesbeforeitfindsitout,nodoubt。Whydowerespecttheopinionsofanymanoranymicrobethateverlived?I

  swearIdon’tknow。WhydoIrespectmyown?Well——thatisdifferent。

  APPENDIXW

  LITTLEBESSIEWOULDASSISTPROVIDENCE

  SeeChaptercclxxxii

  [Itisdull,andIneedwholesomeexcitementsanddistractions;soIwillgolightlyexcursioningalongtheprimrosepathoftheology。]

  LittleBessiewasnearlythreeyearsold。Shewasagoodchild,andnotshallow,notfrivolous,butmeditativeandthoughtful,andmuchgiventothinkingoutthereasonsofthingsandtryingtomakethemharmonizewithresults。Onedayshesaid:

  \"Mama,whyistheresomuchpainandsorrowandsuffering?Whatisitallfor?\"

  Itwasaneasyquestion,andmamahadnodifficultyinansweringit:

  \"Itisforourgood,mychild。InHiswisdomandmercytheLordsendsustheseafflictionstodisciplineusandmakeusbetter。\"

  \"IsitHethatsendsthem?\"

  \"Yes。\"

  \"DoesHesendallofthem,mama?\"

  \"Yes,dear,allofthem。Noneofthemcomesbyaccident;Healonesendsthem,andalwaysoutofloveforus,andtomakeusbetter。\"

  \"Isn’titstrange?\"

  \"Strange?Why,no,Ihaveneverthoughtofitinthatway。Ihavenotheardanyonecallitstrangebefore。Ithasalwaysseemednaturalandrighttome,andwiseandmostkindlyandmerciful。\"

  \"Whofirstthoughtofitlikethat,mama?Wasityou?\"

  \"Ohno,child,Iwastaughtit。\"

  \"Whotaughtyouso,mama?\"

  \"Why,really,Idon’tknow——Ican’tremember。Mymother,Isuppose;orthepreacher。Butit’sathingthateverybodyknows。\"

  \"Well,anyway,itdoesseemstrange。DidHegiveBillyNorristhetyphus?\"

  \"Yes。\"

  \"Whatfor?\"

  \"Why,todisciplinehimandmakehimgood。\"

  \"Buthedied,mama,andsoitcouldn’tmakehimgood。\"

  \"Well,then,Isupposeitwasforsomeotherreason。Weknowitwasagoodreason,whateveritwas。\"

  \"Whatdoyouthinkitwas,mama?\"

  \"Oh,youasksomanyquestions!Ithinkitwastodisciplinehisparents。\"

  \"Well,then,itwasn’tfair,mama。Whyshouldhislifebetakenawayfortheirsake,whenhewasn’tdoinganything?\"

  \"Oh,Idon’tknow!Ionlyknowitwasforagoodandwiseandmercifulreason。\"

  \"Whatreason,mama?\"

  \"Ithink——Ithink—well,itwasajudgment;itwastopunishthemforsomesintheyhadcommitted。\"

  \"Buthewastheonethatwaspunished,mama。Wasthatright?\"

  \"Certainly,certainly。Hedoesnothingthatisn’trightandwiseandmerciful。Youcan’tunderstandthesethingsnow,dear,butwhenyouaregrownupyouwillunderstandthem,andthenyouwillseethattheyarejustandwise。\"

  Afterapause:

  \"DidHemaketherooffallinonthestrangerthatwastryingtosavethecrippledoldwomanfromthefire,mama?\"

  \"Yes,mychild。Wait!Don’taskmewhy,becauseIdon’tknow。Ionlyknowitwastodisciplinesomeone,orbeajudgmentuponsomebody,ortoshowHispower。\"

  \"ThatdrunkenmanthatstuckapitchforkintoMrs。Welch’sbabywhen——\"

  \"Nevermindaboutit,youneedn’tgointoparticulars;itwastodisciplinethechild——thatmuchiscertain,anyway。\"

  \"Mama,Mr。Burgesssaidinhissermonthatbillionsoflittlecreaturesaresentintoustogiveuscholera,andtyphoid,andlockjaw,andmorethanathousandothersicknessesand——mama,doesHesendthem?\"

  \"Oh,certainly,child,certainly。Ofcourse。\"

  \"Whatfor?\"

  \"Oh,todisciplineus!Haven’tItoldyouso,overandoveragain?\"

  \"It’sawfulcruel,mama!Andsilly!andifI————\"

  \"Hush,oh,hush!Doyouwanttobringthelightning?\"

  \"Youknowthelightningdidcomelastweek,mama,andstruckthenewchurch,andburntitdown。Wasittodisciplinethechurch?\"

  Wearily。\"Oh,Isupposeso。\"

  \"Butitkilledahogthatwasn’tdoinganything。Wasittodisciplinethehog,mama?\"

  \"Dearchild,don’tyouwanttorunoutandplayawhile?Ifyouwouldliketo————\"

  \"Mama,onlythink!Mr。Hollistersaysthereisn’tabird,orfish,orreptile,oranyotheranimalthathasn’tgotanenemythatProvidencehassenttobiteitandchaseitandpesteritandkillitandsuckitsbloodanddisciplineitandmakeitgoodandreligious。Isthattrue,mother——

  becauseifitistruewhydidMr。Hollisterlaughatit?\"

  \"ThatHollisterisascandalousperson,andIdon’twantyoutolistentoanythinghesays。\"

  \"Why,mama,heisveryinteresting,andIthinkhetriestobegood。Hesaysthewaspscatchspidersandcramthemdownintotheirnestsintheground——alive,mama!——andtheretheyliveandsufferdaysanddaysanddays,andthehungrylittlewaspschewingtheirlegsandgnawingintotheirbelliesallthetime,tomakethemgoodandreligiousandpraiseGodforHisinfinitemercies。IthinkMr。Hollisterisjustlovely,andeversokind;forwhenIaskedhimifhewouldtreataspiderlikethathesaidhehopedtobedamnedifhewould;andthenhe————Dearmama,haveyoufainted!Iwillrunandbringhelp!Nowthiscomesofstayingintownthishotweather。\"

  APPENDIXX

  ACHRONOLOGICALLISTOFMARKTWAIN’SWORK

  PUBLISHEDANDOTHERWISE——FROM1851—1910

  Note1。——Thisisnotadetailedbibliography,butmerelyagenerallistofMarkTwain’sliteraryundertakings,intheorderofperformance,showingwhen,andusuallywhere,theworkwasdone,whenandwherefirstpublished,etc。AnexcellentMarkTwainbibliographyhasbeencompiledbyMr。MerleJohnson,towhomacknowledgmentsaredueforimportantitems。

  Note2。——Onlyafewofthemoreimportantspeechesarenoted。Volumesthataremerelycollectionsoftalesorarticlesarenotnoted。

  Note3。——Titlesareshortenedtothosemostcommonlyinuse,as\"HuckFinn\"or\"Huck\"for\"TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn。\"

  Namesofperiodicalsareabbreviated。

  TheinitialsU。E。standforthe\"UniformEdition\"ofMarkTwain’sworks。

  Thechapternumberornumbersinthelinewiththedatereferstotheplaceinthisworkwheretheitemsarementioned。

  1851。

  SeeChapterxviiiofthiswork。

  EditedtheHannibalJournalduringtheabsenceoftheownerandeditor,OrionClemens。

  WrotelocalitemsfortheHannibalJournal。

  BurlesqueofarivaleditorintheHannibalJournal。

  WrotetwosketchesforTheSat。Eve。PostPhiladelphia。

  ToMARYINH—l。HannibalJournal。

  1852—53。

  SeeChapterxviii。

  JIMWOLFEANDTHEFIRE——HannibalJournal。

  BurlesqueofarivaleditorintheHannibalJournal。

  1853。

  SeeChapterxix。

  Wroteobituarypoems——notpublished。

  Wrotefirstlettershome。

  1855—56。

  SeeChaptersxxandxxi。

  Firstafter—dinnerspeech;deliveredataprinters’banquetinKeokuk,Iowa。

  LettersfromCincinnati,November16,1856,signed\"Snodgrass\"——

  SaturdayPostKeokuk。

  1857。

  SeeChapterxxi。

  LettersfromCincinnati,March16,1857,signed\"Snodgrass\"——SaturdayPostKeokuk。

  1858。

  AnonymouscontributionstotheNewOrleansCrescentandprobablytoSt。

  Louispapers。

  1859。

  SeeChapterxxvii;alsoAppendixB。

  BurlesqueofCapt。IsaiahSellers——TrueDeltaNewOrleans,May8or9。

  1861。

  SeeChaptersxxxiiitoxxxv。

  Lettershome,publishedinTheGateCityKeokuk。

  1862。

  SeeChaptersxxxvtoxxxviii。

  Lettersandsketches,signed\"Josh,\"fortheTerritorialEnterpriseVirginiaCity,Nevada。

  REPORTOFTHELECTUREOFPROF。PERSONALPRONOUN——Enterprise。

  REPORTOFAFOURTHOFJULYORATION——Enterprise。

  THEPETRIFIEDMAN——Enterprise。

  LocalnewsreporterfortheEnterprisefromAugust。

  1863。

  SeeChaptersxlitoxliii;alsoAppendixC。

  ReportedtheNevadaLegislaturefortheEnterprise。

  Firstusedthename\"MarkTwain,\"February2。

  ADVICETOTHEUNRELIABLE——Enterprise。

  CURINGACOLD——Enterprise。U。E。

  INFORMATIONFORTHEMILLION——Enterprise。

  ADVICETOGOODLITTLEGIRLS——Enterprise。

  THEDUTCHNICKMASSACRE——Enterprise。

  ManyotherEnterprisesketches。

  THEAGEDPILOTMANpoem——\"ROUGHINGIT。\"U。E。

  1864。

  See。Chaptersxlivtoxlvii。

  ReportedtheNevadaLegislaturefortheEnterprise。

  Speechas\"GovernoroftheThirdHouse。\"

  LetterstoNewYorkSundayMercury。

  LocalreporterontheSanFranciscoCall。

  ArticlesandsketchesfortheGoldenEra。

  ArticlesandsketchesfortheCalifornian。

  DailylettersfromSanFranciscototheEnterprise。

  SeveraloftheEraandCaliforniansketchesappearinSKETCHESNEWAND

  OLD。U。E。

  1865。

  SeeChaptersxlixtoli;alsoAppendixE。

  NotesfortheJumpingFrogstory;Angel’sCamp,February。

  Sketchesetc。,fortheGoldenEraandCalifornian。

  DailylettertotheEnterprise。

  THEJUMPINGFROGSanFranciscoSaturdayPress。NewYork,November18。U。E。

  1866。

  SeeChaptersliitolv;alsoAppendixD。

  DailylettertotheEnterprise。

  SandwichIslandletterstotheSacramentoUnion。

  LectureontheSandwichIslands,SanFrancisco,October2。

  FORTY—THREEDAYSINANOPENBOAT——Harper’sMagazine,DecembererrorinsignaturemadeitMarkSwain。

  1867。

  SeeChapterslviitolxv;alsoAppendicesE,F,andG。

  LetterstoAltaCaliforniafromNewYork。

  JIMWOLFEANDTHECATS——N。Y。SundayMercury。

  THEJUMPINGFROG——book,publishedbyCharlesHenryWebb,May1。U。E。

  LecturedatCooperUnion,May,’66。

  LetterstoAltaCaliforniaandNewYorkTribunefromtheQuakerCity——

  HolyLandexcursion。

  LettertoNewYorkHeraldonthereturnfromtheHolyLand。

  After—dinnerspeechon\"Women\"Washington。

  BeganarrangementforthepublicationofTHEINNOCENTSABROAD。

  1868。

  SeeChapterslxvitolxix;alsoAppendicesHandI。

  Newspaperletters,etc。,fromWashington,forNewYorkCitizen,Tribune,Herald,andotherpapersandperiodicals。

  PreparingQuakerCitylettersinWashingtonandSanFranciscoforbookpublication。

  CAPTAINWAKEMAN’SSTORMFIELD’SVISITTOHEAVENSanFrancisco,publishedHarper’sMagazine,December,1907—January,1908alsobook,Harpers。

  LecturedinCaliforniaandNevadaonthe\"HolyLand,\"July2。

  S’CAT!AnonymousarticleonT。K。BeecherElmira,publishedinlocalpaper。

  Lecture—tour,season1868—69。

  1869。

  SeeChapterslxxtolxxni。

  THEINNOCENTSABROAD——bookAm。Pub。Co。,July20。U。E。

  Boughtone—thirdownershipintheBuffaloExpress。

  Contributededitorials,sketches,etc。,totheExpress。

  ContributedsketchestoPackard’sMonthly,Wood’sMagazine,etc。

  Lecture—tour,season1869—70。

  1870。

  SeeChapterslxxivtolxxx;alsoAppendixJ。

  ContributedvariousmattertoBuffaloExpress。

  Contributedvariousmatterundergeneralheadof\"MEMORANDA\"toGalaxyMagazine,MaytoApril,’7I。

  ROUGHINGITbeguninSeptemberBuffalo。

  SHEM’SDIARYBuffalounfinished。

  GOD,ANCIENTANDMODERNunpublished。

  1871。

  SeeChapterslxxxiandlxxxii;alsoAppendixK。

  MEMORANDAcontinuedinGalaxytoApril。

  AUTOBIOGRAPHYANDFIRSTROMANCE——[THEFIRSTROMANCEhadappearedintheExpressinx87o。LaterincludedinSKETCHES。]———bookletSheldon&Co。。

  U。E。

  ROUGHINGITfinishedQuarryFarm。

  Ruloffletter——Tribune。

  WroteseveralsketchesandlecturesQuarryFarm。

  Westernplayunfinished。

  Lecture—tour,season1871—72。

  1872。

  SeeChapterslxxxiiitolxxxvii;alsoAppendixL。

  ROUGHINGIT——bookAm。Pub。Co。,February。U。E。

  THEMARKTWAINSCRAP—BOOKinventedSaybrook,Connecticut。

  TOMSAWYERbegunasaplaySaybrook,Connecticut。

  Afewunimportantsketchespublishedin\"Practicaljokes,\"etc。

  BeganabookonEnglandLondon。

  1873。

  SeeChapterslxxxviiitoxcii。

  LettersontheSandwichIslands—Tribune,January3and6。

  THEGILDEDAGEwithC。D。Warner——bookAm。Pub。Co,December。U。E。

  THELICENSEOFTHEPRESS——paperforTheMondayEveningClub。

  LecturedinLondon,October18andseason1873—74。

  1874。

  SeeChaptersxciiitoxcviii;alsoAppendixM。

  TOMSAWYERcontinuedinthenewstudyatQuarryFarm。

  ATRUESTORYQuarryFarm—Atlantic,November。U。E。

  FABLESQuarryFarm。U。E。

  COLONELSELLERS——playQuarryFarmperformedbyJohnT。Raymond。

  UNDERTAKER’SLOVE—STORYQuarryFarmunpublished。

  OLDTIMESONTHEMISSISSIPPIHartfordAtlantic,JanuarytoJuly,1875。

  MonarchylettertoMrs。Clemens,dated1935Boston。

  1875。

  SeeChaptersctociv;alsoAppendixN。

  UNIVERSALSUFFRAGE——paperforTheMondayEveningClub。

  SKETCHESNEWANDOLD——bookAm。Pub。Co。,July。U。E。

  TOMSAWYERconcludedHartford。

  THECURIOUSREP。OFGONDOUR——Atlantic,Octoberunsigned。

  PUNCH,CONDUCTOR,PUNCH——Atlantic,February,1876。U。E。

  THESECONDADVENTunfinished。

  THEMYSTERIOUSCHAMBERunfinished。

  AUTOBIOGRAPHYOFADAMNFOOLunfinished。

  PetitionforInternationalCopyright。

  1876。

  SeeChapterscvitocx。

  PerformedinTHELOANOFTHELOVERasPeterSpuykHartford。

  CARNIVALOFCRIME——paperforTheMondayEveningClub——Atlantic,June。

  U。E。

  HUCKFINNbegunQuarryFarm。

  CANVASSER’SSTORYQuarryFarm——Atlantic,December。U。E。

  \"1601\"QuarryFarm,privatelyprinted。[AndnoteditedbyLivy。D。W。]

  AHSINwithBretHarte——play,Hartford。

  TOMSAWYER——bookAm。Pub。Co。,December。U。E。

  Speechon\"TheWeather,\"NewEnglandSociety,December22。

  1877。

  SeeChapterscxiitocxv;alsoAppendixO。

  LOVESOFALONZOFITZ—CLARENCE,ETC。QuarryFarm——Atlantic。

  IDLEEXCURSIONQuarryFarm——Atlantic,October,November,December。

  U。E。

  SIMONWHEELER,DETECTIVE——playQuarryFarmnotproduced。

  PRINCEANDPAUPERbegunQuarryFarm。

  WhittierbirthdayspeechBoston,December。

  1878。

  SeeChapterscxviitocxx。

  MAGNANIMOUSINCIDENTHartford——Atlantic,May。U。E。

  ATRAMPABROADHeidelbergandMunich。

  MENTALTELEGRAPHY——Harper’sMagazine,December,1891。U。E。

  GAMBETTADUEL——Atlantic,February,1879includedinTRAMP。U。E。

  REV。INPITCAIRN——Atlantic,March,1879。U。E。

  STOLENWHITEELEPHANT——bookOsgood&Co。,1882。U。E。

  ThethreeitemslastnamedwerealloriginallyapartoftheTRAMP

  ABROAD。

  1879。

  SeeChapterscxxitocxxiv;alsoChaptercxxxivandAppendixP。

  ATRAMPABROADcontinuedParis,Elmira,andHartford。

  AdammonumentschemeElmira。

  Speechon\"TheBabies\"Grantdinner,Chicago,November。

  Speechon\"Plagiarism\"Holmesbreakfast,Boston,December。

  1880。

  SeeChapterscxxvtocxxxii。

  PRINCEANDPAUPERconcludedHartfordandElmira。

  HUCKFINNcontinuedQuarryFarm,Elmira。

  ACATSTORYQuarryFarmunpublished。

  ATRAMPABROAD——bookAm。Pub。Co。,March13。U。E。

  EDWARDMILLSANDGEO。BENTONHartford——Atlantic,August。U。E。

  MRS。McWILLIAMSANDTHELIGHTNINGHartford——Atlantic,September。U。E。

  1881。

  SeeChapterscxxxivtocxxxvii。

  ACURIOUSEXPERIENCE——Century,November。U。E。

  ABIOGRAPHYOF—————unfinished。

  PRINCEANDPAUPER——bookOsgoodR;CO。,December。

  BURLESQUEETIQUETTEunfinished。[IncludedinLETTERSFROMTHEEARTH

  D。W。]

  1882。

  SeeChapterscxlandcxli。

  LIFEONTHEMISSISSIPPIElmiraandHartford。

  1883。

  SeeChapterscxliitocxlviii。

  LIFEONTHEMississippi——bookOsgoodRCO。,May。U。E。

  WHATIsHAPPINESS?——paperforTheMondayEveningClub。

  IntroductiontoPortugueseconversationbookHartford。

  HUCKFINNconcludedQuarryFarm。

  HISTORYGAMEQuarryFarm。

  AMERICANCLAIMANTwithW。D。Howells——playHartford,producedbyA。P。Burbank。

  DramatizedTOMSAWYERandPRINCEANDPAUPERnotproduced。

  1884。

  SeeChapterscxlixtocliii。

  EmbarkedinpublishingwithCharlesL。Webster。

  THECARSONFOOTPRINTS——theSanFranciscan。

  HUCKFINN——bookCharlesL。Webster&Co。,December。U。E。

  Platform—readingswithGeorgeW。Cable,season’84—’85。

  1885。

  SeeChaptersclivtoclvii。

  ContractedforGeneralGrant’sMemoirs。

  ACAMPAIGNTHATFAILED——Century,December。U。E。

  THEUNIVERSALTINKER——Century,DecemberopenlettersignedX。Y。Z。

  Letteronthegovernmentofchildren——ChristianUnion。

  KIDITCHINchildren’spoem。

  1886。

  SeeChaptersclixtoclxi;alsoAppendixQ。

  IntroducedHenryM。StanleyBoston。

  CONNECTICUTYANKEEbegunHartford。

  ENGLISHASSHEISTAUGHT——Century,April,1887。

  LUCK——Harper’s,August,1891。

  GENERALGRANTANDMATTHEWARNOLD——ArmyandNavydinnerspeech。

  1887。

  SeeChaptersclxiitoclxiv;alsoAppendixR。

  MEISTERSCHAFT——playHartford—Century,January,1888。U。E。

  KNIGHTSOFLABOR——essaynotpublished。

  ToTHEQUEENOFENGLAND——Harper’sMagazine,December。U。E。

  CONSISTENCY——paperforTheMondayEveningClub。

  1888。

  SeeChaptersclxvtoclxviii。

  Introductoryfor\"UnsentLetters\"unpublished。

  MasterofArtsdegreefromYale。

  YaleAlumniaddressunpublished。

  CopyrightcontroversywithBranderMatthews——PrincetonReview。

  RepliestoMatthewArnold’sAmericancriticismsunpublished。

  YANKEEcontinuedElmiraandHartford。

  IntroductionofNyeandRileyBoston。

  1889。

  SeeChaptersclxixtoclxxiii;alsoAppendixS。

  AMAJESTICLITERARYFOSSILHarper’sMagazine,February,1890。U。E。

  HUCKANDTOMAMONGTHEINDIANSunfinished。

  IntroductiontoYANKEEnotused。

  LETTERToELSIELESLIE——StNicholas,February,1890。

  CONNECTICUTYANKEE——bookWebster&Co。,December。U。E。

  1890。

  SeeChaptersclxxiitoclxxiv。

  LettertoAndrewLangaboutEnglishCriticism。

  Noimportantliterarymattersthisyear。MarkTwainengagedpromotingthePaigetypesetting—machine。

  1891。

  SeeChaptersclxxvtoclxxvii。

  AMERICANCLAIMANTHartfordsyndicated;alsobookWebster&Co。,May,1892。U。E。

  EuropeanletterstoNewYorkSun。

  DOWNTHERHONEunfinished。

  KORNERSTRASSEunpublished。

  1892。

  SeeChaptersclxxxtoclxxxii。

  THEGERMANCHICAGOBerlin——Sun。U。E。

  ALLKINDSOFSHIPSatsea。U。E。

  TomSAWYERABROADNauheim——St。Nicholas,November,’93,toApril,’94。

  U。E。

  THOSEEXTRAORDINARYTWINSNauheim。U。E。

  PUDD’NHEADWILSONNauheimandFlorence——Century,December,’93,toJune,’94U。E。

  $100,000BANK—NOTEFlorence——Century,January,’93。U。E。

  1893。

  SeeChaptersclxxxiiitoclxxxvii。

  JOANOFARCbegunatVillaViviani,FlorenceandcompleteduptotheraisingoftheSiegeofOrleans。

  CALIFORNIAN’STALEFlorenceLiberScriptorum,alsoHarper’s。

  ADAM’SDIARYFlorence——NiagaraBook,alsoHarper’s。

  ESQUIMAUMAIDEN’SROMANCE——Cosmopolitan,November。U。E。

  ISHELIVINGORISHEDEAD?——Cosmopolitan,September。U。E。

  TRAVELINGWITHAREFORMER——Cosmopolitan,December。U。E。

  INDEFENSEOFHARRIETSHELLEYFlorence——N。A。—Rev。,July,’94。U。E。

  FENIMORECOOPER’SLITERARYOFFENSES——[Thismaynothavebeenwrittenuntilearlyin1894。]——Players,NewYork——N。A。Rev。,July,’95U。E。

  1894。

  SeeChaptersclxxxviiitocxc。

  JOANOFARCcontinuedEtretatandParis。

  WHATPAULBOURGETTHINKSOFUSEtretat——N。A。Rev。,January,’95U。E。

  TOMSAWYERABROAD——bookWebster&Co。,April。U。E。

  PUDD’NHEADWILSON——bookAm。Pub。Co。,November。U。E。

  ThefailureofCharlesL。Webster&Co。,April18。

  THEDERELICT——poemParisunpublished。

  1895。

  SeeChaptersclxxxixandcxcii。

  JOANOFARCfinishedParis,January28,Harper’sMagazine,ApriltoDecember。

  MENTALTELEGRAPHYAGAIN——Harper’s,September。U。E。

  ALITTLENOTETOPAULBOURGET。U。E。

  PoemtoMrs。BeecherElmiranotpublished。U。E。

  Lecture—touraroundtheworld,begunatElmira,July14,endedJuly31。

  1896。

  SeeChapterscxcitocxciv。

  JOANOFARC——bookHarpersMay。U。E。

  TOMSAWYER,DETECTIVE,andotherstories—bookHarpers,November。

  FOLLOWINGTHEEQUATORbegun23TedworthSquare,London。

  1897。

  SeeChapterscxcviitocxcix。

  FOLLOWINGTHEEQUATOR——bookAm。Pub。Co。,November。

  QUEEN’SJUBILEELondon,newspapersyndicate;bookprivatelyprinted。

  JAMESHAMMONDTRUMBULL——Century,November。

  WHICHWASWHICH?LondonandSwitzerlandunfinished。

  TOMANDHUCKSwitzerlandunfinished。

  HELLFIREHOTCHKISSSwitzerlandunfinished。

  INMEMORIAM——poemSwitzerland—Harper’sMagazine。U。E。

  ConcordiaClubspeechVienna。

  STIRRINGTIMESINAUSTRIAVienna——Harper’sMagazine,March,1898。U。E。

  1898。

  SeeChapterscctocciii;alsoAppendixT。

  THEAUSTRIANEDISONKEEPINGSCHOOLAGAINViennaCentury,August。U。E。

  ATTHEAPPETITECUREVienna——Cosmopolitan,August。U。E。

  FROMTHELONDONTIMES,1904Vienna——Century,November。U。E。

  ABOUTPLAY—ACTINGVienna——Forum,October。U。E。

  CONCERNINGTHEJEWSVienna——Harper’sMagazine,September,’99。U。E。

  CHRISTIANSCIENCEANDMRS。EDDYVienna——Cosmopolitan,October。U。E。

  THEMANTHATCORRUPTEDHADLEYBURGVienna——Harper’sMagazine,December,’99U。E。

  AutobiographicalchaptersVienna;someofthemusedintheN。A。Rev。,1906—07。

  WHATISMAN?Kaltenleutgeben——bookprivatelyprinted,August,1906。

  ASSASSINATIONOFANEMPRESSKaltenleutgebenunpublished。

  THEMYSTERIOUSSTRANGERunfinished。

  TranslationsofGermanplaysunproduced。

  1899。

  SeeChaptersccivtoccviii。

  DIPLOMATICPAYANDCLOTHESVienna——Forum,March。U。E。

  MYLITERARYDEBUTVienna——Century,December。U。E。

  CHRISTIANSCIENCEVienna——N。A。Rev。,December,1902,JanuaryandFebruary,1903。

  TranslatedGermanplaysViennaunproduced。

  CollaboratedwithSiegmundSchlesingeronplaysViennaunfinished。

  Plannedapostal—checkschemeVienna。

  ArticlesabouttheKellgrentreatmentSanna,Swedenunpublished。

  ST。JOANOFARCLondon——Harper’sMagazine,December,1904。U。E。

  MYFIRSTLIE,ANDHowIGOTOUTOFITLondon——NewYorkWorld。U。E。

  ArticlesonSouthAfricanWarLondonunpublished

  UniformEditionofMarkTwain’sworksAm。Pub。Co。。

  1900。

  SeeChaptersccixtoccxii。

  TWOLITTLETALESLondon——Century,November,1901。U。E。

  Spokeon\"Copyright\"beforetheHouseofLords。

  DeliveredmanyspeechesinLondonandNewYork。

  1901。

  SeeChaptersccxiiitoccxviii。

  TOTHEPERSONSITTINGINDARKNESS14WestTenthStreet,NewYork——

  N。A。Rev。,February。

  TOMYMISSIONARYCRITICS14WestTenthStreet,NewYork——N。A。Rev。,April。

  DOUBLE—BARRELDETECTIVESTORYSaranacLake,\"TheLair\"Harper’sMagazine,JanuaryandFebruary,1902。

  LincolnBirthdaySpeech,February11。

  Manyotherspeeches。

  PLANFORCASTINGVOTEPARTYRiverdaleunpublished。

  THESTUPENDOUSPROCESSIONRiverdaleunpublished。

  ANTE—MORTEMOBITUARIES——Harper’sWeekly。

  ReceiveddegreeofDoctorofLettersfromYale。

  1902。

  SeeChaptersccxixtoccxxiv;alsoAppendixU。

  DOESTHERACEOFMANLOVEALORD?Riverdale——N。A。Rev。,April。U。E。

  FIVEBOONSofLIFERiverdale——Harper’sWeekly,July5。U。E。

  WHYNOTABOLISHIT?Riverdale——Harper’sWeekly,July5。

  DEFENSEOFGENERALFUNSTONRiverdale——N。A。Rev。,May。

  IFICOULDBETHERERiverdaleunpublished。

  Wrotevariousarticles,unfinishedorunpublished。

  ReceiveddegreeofLL。D。fromtheUniversityofMissouri,June。

  THEBELATEDPASSPORTYorkHarbor——Harper’sWeekly,December6。U。E。

  WASITHEAVEN?ORHELL?YorkHarbor——Harper’sMagazine,December。U。E。

  PoemRiverdaleandYorkHarborunpublished

  Sixty—seventhBirthdayspeechNewYork,November27。

  1903。

  SeeChaptersccxxvtoccxxx。

  MRS。EDDYINERRORRiverdale——N。A。Rev。,April。

  INSTRUCTIONSINARTRiverdale—Metropolitan,AprilandMay。

  EDDYPUS,andotherC。S。articlesunfinished。

  ADOG’STALEElmira——Harper’sMagazine,December。U。E。

  ITALIANWITHOUTAMASTERFlorence——Harper’sWeekly,January21,1904。

  U。E。

  ITALIANWITHGRAMMARFlorence——Harper’sMagazine,August,U。E。

  THE$30,000BEQUESTFlorence——Harper’sWeekly,December10,1904。U。E。

  1904。

  SeeChaptersccxxxtoccxxxiv。

  AUTOBIOGRAPHYFlorence——portionspublished,N。A。Rev。andHarper’sWeekly。

  CONCERNINGCOPYRIGHTTyringham,Massachusetts——N。A。Rev。,January,1905。

  TSARSSOLILOQUY21FifthAvenue,NewYork——N。A。Rev。,March,1905。

  ADAM’SDIARY——bookHarpers,April。

  1905。

  SeeChaptersccxxxivtoccxxxvii;alsoAppendixV。

  LEOPOLD’SSOLILOQUY21FifthAvenue,NewYork——pamphlet,P。R。WarrenCompany。

  THEWARPRAYER21FifthAvenue,NewYorkunpublished。

  EVE’SDIARYDublin,NewHampshire——Harper’sMagazine,December。

  3,000YEARSAMONGTHEMICROBESunfinished。

  INTERPRETINGTHEDEITYDublinNewHampshireunpublished。

  AHORSE’STALEDublin,NewHampshire—Harper’sMagazine,AugustandSeptember,i9o6。

  SeventiethBirthdayspeech。

  W。D。HOWELLS21FifthAvenue,NewYork—Harper’sMagazine,July,1906。

  1906。

  SeeChaptersccxxxixtoccli。

  Autobiographydictation21FifthAvenue,NewYork;andDublin,NewHampshire——selectionspublished,N。A。Rev。,1906and1907。

  Manyspeeches。

  Farewelllecture,CarnegieHall,April19。

  WHATISMAN?——bookprivatelyprinted。

  CopyrightspeechWashington,December。

  1907。

  SeeChapterscclvitocclxiii。

  Autobiographydictations27FifthAvenue,NewYork;andTuxedo。

  DegreeofDoctorofLiteratureconferredbyOxford,June26。

  MademanyLondonspeeches。

  BegumofBengalspeechLiverpool。

  CHRISTIANSCIENCE——bookHarpers,February。U。E。

  CAPTAINSTORMFIELD’SVISITToHEAVEN——bookHarpers。

  1908。

  SeeChapterscclxivtocclxx。

  Autobiographydictations21FifthAvenue,NewYork;andRedding,Connecticut。

  LotosClubandotherspeeches。

  Aldrichmemorialspeech。

  1909。

  SeeChapterscclxxvitocclxxxix;alsoAppendicesNandW。

  ISSHAKESPEAREDEAD?——bookHarpers,April。

  AFABLE——Harper’sMagazineDecember。

  Copyrightdocumentsunpublished。

  AddresstoSt。TimothySchool。

  MARJORIEFLEMINGStormfield——Harper’sBazar,December。

  THETURNING—POINTOFMYLIFEStormfield——Harper’sBazar,February,1910

  BESSIEDIALOGUEunpublished。

  LETTERSFROMTHEEARTHunfinished。

  THEDEATHOFJEAN——Harper’s,December,1910。

  THEINTERNATIONALLIGHTNINGTRUSTunpublished。

  1910。

  SeeChapterccxcii。

  VALENTINESTOHELENANDOTHERSnotpublished。

  ADVICETOPAINEnotpublished。

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