第5章
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  Impossible。

  Butthen,thatwhichcontainsmustbeotherthanthatwhichiscontained?forthesamewholecannotdoandsufferbothatonce;andifso,onewillbenolongerone,buttwo?

  True。

  Thenonecannotbeanywhere,eitherinitselforinanother?

  No。

  Furtherconsider,whetherthatwhichisofsuchanaturecanhaveeitherrestormotion。

  Whynot?

  Why,becausetheone,ifitweremoved,wouldbeeithermovedinplaceorchangedinnature;forthesearetheonlykindsofmotion。

  Yes。

  Andtheone,whenitchangesandceasestobeitself,cannotbeanylongerone。

  Itcannot。

  Itcannotthereforeexperiencethesortofmotionwhichischangeofnature?

  Clearlynot。

  Thencanthemotionoftheonebeinplace?

  Perhaps。

  Butiftheonemovedinplace,mustitnoteithermoveroundandroundinthesameplace,orfromoneplacetoanother?

  Itmust。

  Andthatwhichmovesinacirclemustrestuponacentre;andthatwhichgoesrounduponacentremusthavepartswhicharedifferentfromthecentre;butthatwhichhasnocentreandnopartscannotpossiblybecarriedrounduponacentre?

  Impossible。

  Butperhapsthemotionoftheoneconsistsinchangeofplace?

  Perhapsso,ifitmovesatall。

  Andhavewenotalreadyshownthatitcannotbeinanything?

  Yes。

  Thenitscomingintobeinginanythingisstillmoreimpossible;

  isitnot?

  Idonotseewhy。

  Why,becauseanythingwhichcomesintobeinginanything,canneitherasyetbeinthatotherthingwhilestillcomingintobeing,norbealtogetheroutofit,ifalreadycomingintobeinginit。

  Certainlynot。

  Andthereforewhatevercomesintobeinginanothermusthaveparts,andthenonepartmaybein,andanotherpartoutofthatother;butthatwhichhasnopartscanneverbeatoneandthesametimeneitherwhollywithinnorwhollywithoutanything。

  True。

  Andistherenotastillgreaterimpossibilityinthatwhichhasnoparts,andisnotawhole,comingintobeinganywhere,sinceitcannotcomeintobeingeitherasapartorasawhole?

  Clearly。

  Thenitdoesnotchangeplacebyrevolvinginthesamespot,notbygoingsomewhereandcomingintobeinginsomething;noragain,bychangeinitself?

  Verytrue。

  Theninrespectofanykindofmotiontheoneisimmoveable?

  Immoveable。

  Butneithercantheonebeinanything,asweaffirm。

  Yes,wesaidso。

  Thenitisneverinthesame?

  Whynot?

  Becauseifitwereinthesameitwouldbeinsomething。

  Certainly。

  Andwesaidthatitcouldnotbeinitself,andcouldnotbeinother?

  True。

  Thenoneisneverinthesameplace?

  Itwouldseemnot。

  Butthatwhichisneverinthesameplaceisneverquietoratrest?

  Never。

  Onethen,aswouldseem,isneitherrestnorinmotion?

  Itcertainlyappearsso。

  Neitherwillitbethesamewithitselforother;noragain,otherthanitselforother。

  Howisthat?

  Ifotherthanitselfitwouldbeotherthanone,andwouldnotbeone。

  True。

  Andifthesamewithother,itwouldbethatother,andnotitself;sothatuponthissuppositiontoo,itwouldnothavethenatureofone,butwouldbeotherthanone?

  Itwould。

  Thenitwillnotbethesamewithother,orotherthanitself?

  Itwillnot。

  Neitherwillitbeotherthanother,whileitremainsone;fornotone,butonlyother,canbeotherthanother,andnothingelse。

  True。

  Thennotbyvirtueofbeingonewillitbeother?

  Certainlynot。

  Butifnotbyvirtueofbeingone,notbyvirtueofitself;andifnotbyvirtueofitself,notitself,anditselfnotbeingotheratall,willnotbeotherthananything?

  Right。

  Neitherwillonebethesamewithitself。

  Hownot?

  Surelythenatureoftheoneisnotthenatureofthesame。

  Whynot?

  Itisnotwhenanythingbecomesthesamewithanythingthatitbecomesone。

  Whatofthat?

  Anythingwhichbecomesthesamewiththemany,necessarilybecomesmanyandnotone。

  True。

  But,iftherewerenodifferencebetweentheoneandthesame,whenathingbecamethesame,itwouldalwaysbecomeone;andwhenitbecameone,thesame?

  Certainly。

  And,therefore,ifonebethesamewithitself,itisnotonewithitself,andwillthereforebeoneandalsonotone。

  Surelythatisimpossible。

  Andthereforetheonecanneitherbeotherthanother,northesamewithitself。

  Impossible。

  Andthustheonecanneitherbethesame,norother,eitherinrelationtoitselforother?

  No。

  Neitherwilltheonebelikeanythingorunlikeitselforother。

  Whynot?

  Becauselikenessissamenessofaffections。

  Yes。

  Andsamenesshasbeenshowntobeofanaturedistinctfromoneness?

  Thathasbeenshown。

  Butiftheonehadanyotheraffectionthanthatofbeingone,itwouldbeaffectedinsuchawayastobemorethanone;whichisimpossible。

  True。

  Thentheonecanneverbesoaffectedastobethesameeitherwithanotherorwithitself?

  Clearlynot。

  Thenitcannotbelikeanother,orlikeitself?

  No。

  Norcanitbeaffectedsoastobeother,forthenitwouldbeaffectedinsuchawayastobemorethanone。

  Itwould。

  Thatwhichisaffectedotherwisethanitselforanother,willbeunlikeitselforanother,forsamenessofaffectionsislikeness。

  True。

  Buttheone,asappears,neverbeingaffectedotherwise,isneverunlikeitselforother?

  Never。

  Thentheonewillneverbeeitherlikeorunlikeitselforother?

  Plainlynot。

  Again,beingofthisnature,itcanneitherbeequalnorunequaleithertoitselfortoother。

  Howisthat?

  Why,becausetheoneifequalmustbeofthesamemeasuresasthattowhichitisequal。

  True。

  Andifgreaterorlessthanthingswhicharecommensurablewithit,theonewillhavemoremeasuresthanthatwhichisless,andfewerthanthatwhichisgreater?

  Yes。

  Andsoofthingswhicharenotcommensuratewithit,theonewillhavegreatermeasuresthanthatwhichislessandsmallerthanthatwhichisgreater。

  Certainly。

  Buthowcanthatwhichdoesnotpartakeofsameness,haveeitherthesamemeasuresorhaveanythingelsethesame?

  Impossible。

  Andnothavingthesamemeasures,theonecannotbeequaleitherwithitselforwithanother?

  Itappearsso。

  Butagain,whetherithavefewerormoremeasures,itwillhaveasmanypartsasithasmeasures;andthusagaintheonewillbenolongeronebutwillhaveasmanypartsasmeasures。

  Right。

  Andifitwereofonemeasure,itwouldbeequaltothatmeasure;

  yetithasbeenshowntobeincapableofequality。

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