Sweptbyaterriblemusketryfire，thesetroopscouldnolongerresist，andinspiteoftheeffortsoftheirgeneral，whorodeamongthemimploringthemtostandfirmuntilaidarrived，theybegantofallback。Neitherentreatiesnorcommandswereofavail；thetroopshaddoneallthattheycould，andbrokenanddisheartenedtheyretreatedingreatconfusion。Butatthismoment，whenallseemedlost，alineofglitteringbayonetswasseencomingoverthehillbehind，andthegeneral，ndingofinhastetowardthem，foundJacksonadvancingwiththefirstbrigade。
UnmovedbytherushofthefugitivesofthebrigadesofBeeandEvans，Jacksonmovedsteadilyforward，andsofirmandresolutewastheirdemeanor，thatBeerodeafterhismen，andpointingwithhisswordtothefirstbrigade，shouted，\"Look，thereisJacksonstandinglikeastonewall\"Thegeneral\'swordswererepeated，andhenceforththebrigadewasknownastheStonewallBrigade，andtheirgeneralbythenicknameofStonewallJackson，bywhichhewaseverafterwardknown。Thegreaterpartofthefugitivesrallied，andtookuptheirpositionontherightofJackson，andtheFederalforces，whowerehurryingforwardassuredofvictory，foundthemselvesconfrontedsuddenlyby2，000bayonets。Afteramoment\'spausetheypressedforwardagain，theartillerypreparingawayforthembyatremendousfire。
Jacksonorderedhismentoliedownuntiltheenemyarrivedwithinfiftyyards，andthentochargewiththebayonet。JustatthismomentGeneralsJohnstonandBeauregardarrivedonthespot，andatonceseeingthedesperatenatureofthesituation，andthewholeFederalarmypressingforwardagainstasinglebrigade，theydidtheirbesttopreparetomeetthestorm。FirsttheygallopedupanddownthedisorderedlinesofBee，exhortingthementostandfirm；andseizingthecolorsofthe4thAlabama，Johnstonledthemforwardandformedthemupunderfire。
BeauregardhurriedupsomereinforcementsandformedthemontheleftofJackson，andthus6，500infantryandartillery，andStuart\'stwotroopsofcavalry，stoodfacetofacewithmorethan20，000infantryandseventroopsofregularcavalry，behindwhomatthelowerfordswere35，000meninreserve。Whilehismenwerelyingdownawaitingtheattack，Jacksonrodebackwardandforwardinfrontofthemascalmandasunconcernedtoallappearanceasifontheparadeground，andhisquietbraverygreatlynervedandencouragedtheyoungtroops。
Allatoncethetremendousartilleryfireoftheenemyceased，andtheirinfantrycameoninmassivelines。ThefourConfederategunspouredintheirfireandthenwithdrewbehindtheinfantry。
Whenthelinecamewithinfiftyyardsofhim，Jacksongavetheword，hismensprangtotheirfeet，pouredinaheavyvolley，andthencharged。Awildyellrosefrombothranksastheyclosed，andthentheyweremingledinadesperateconflict。Foratimeallwasinwildconfusion，buttheardorandcourageofJackson\'smenprevailed，andtheyburstthroughthecenteroftheFederalline。
ImmediatelyJacksonhadcharged，Beauregardsentforwardtherestofthetroops，andforatimeatremendousstruggletookplacealongthewholeline。GeneralsBeeandBarlowfellmortallywoundedattheheadoftheirtroops。GeneralHamptonwaswounded，andmanyofthecolonelsfell。SonumerousweretheFederals，thatalthoughJacksonhadpiercedtheircenter，theirmassesdrovebackhisflanksandthreatenedtosurroundhim。Withvoiceandexamplehecheeredonhismentoholdtheirground，andtheofficerscloseduptheirranksastheywerethinnedbytheenemy\'sfire，andforanhourthestrugglecontinuedwithoutmarkedadvantageoneitherside。
Jackson\'scalmnesswasunshakenevenintheexcitementofthefight。Atonetimeanofficerrodeuptohimfromanotherportionofthefieldandexclaimed，\"General，Ithinkthedayisgoingagainstus!\"TowhichJacksonrepliedinhisusualcurtmanner，\"Ifyouthinkso，sir，youhadbetternotsayanythingaboutit。\"
TheresolutestandoftheConfederatesenabledGeneralBeauregardtobringupfreshtroops，andheatlastgavethewordtoadvance。
Jackson\'sbrigaderushedforwardonreceivingtheorder，burstthroughtheFederalswithwhomtheywereengaged，and，supportedbythereserves，drovetheenemyfromtheplateau。ButtheFederals，stillvastlysuperiorinforce，broughtupthereserves，andpreparedtorenewtheattack；but1，700freshmenofthearmyoftheShenandoahcamenponthefieldofbattle，SmithandEarlybroughtuptheirdivisionfromtheriver，andthewholeSouthernlineadvancedatthecharge，drovetheenemydowntheslopesandontowardthefords。
Apanicseizedthem，andtheirregimentsbrokeupandtooktoheadlongflight，whichsoonbecameanutterrout。Manyofthemcontinuedtheirflightforhours，andforatimetheFederalarmyceasedtoexist；andhadtheCenfederatesadvanced，asJacksondesiredthattheyshoulddo，Washingtonwouldhavefallenintotheirhandswithoutablowbeingstruckinitsdefense。
This，thefirstgreatbattleofthewar，issometimesknownasthebattleofManassas，butmoregenerallyasBullRun。
Withtheexceptionofoneortwocharges，thelittlebodyofConfederatehorsedidnottakeanypartinthebattleofBullRun。
HadtheybeenawareoftheutterstampedeoftheNortherntroops，theycouldsafelyhavepressedforwardinhotpursuitasfarasWashington，butbeingnumericallysoinferiortotheFederalcavalry，andinignorancethattheNortherninfantryhadbecomeamerepanic-strickenmob，itwouldhavebeenimprudentintheextremeforsuchahandfulofcavalrytoundertakethepursuitofanarmy。
ManyoftheConfederateswereofopinionthatthisdecisivevictorywouldbetheendofthewar，andthattheNorth，seeingthattheSouthwasableaswellaswillingtodefendthepositionithadtakenup，wouldabandontheideaofcoercingitintosubmission。Thishopewasspeedilydissipated。TheNorthwasindeedalikeastonishedanddisappointedatthedefeatoftheirarmybyagreatlyinferiorforce，butinsteadofabandoningthestruggle，theysettoworktoretrievethedisaster，andtoplaceinthefieldaforcewhichwould，theybelieved，proveirresistible。
VincentWingfieldsawbutlittleofthebattleatBullRun。AstheywereimpatientlywaitingtheordertochargewhilethedesperateconflictbetweenJackson\'sbrigadeandtheenemywasatitsfiercest，ashellfromoneoftheFederalbatteriesburstafewyardsinfrontofthetroop，andoneofthepiecesstrikingVincentonthesidehurledhiminsensiblefromhishorse。HewasatonceliftedandcarriedbyDanandsomeoftheothermen-servants，whohadbeentoldoffforthisduty，totherear，wherethesurgeonswerebusilyengagedindressingthewoundsofthemenwhostraggledbackfromthefront。Whiletheconflictlastedthoseunabletowalklaywheretheyfell，fornoprovisionhadatpresentbeenmadeforambulancecorps，andnotasinglemancapableoffiringamusketcouldbesparedfromtheranks。ThetearswereflowingcopiouslydownDan\'scheeksashestoodbywhilethesurgeonsexaminedVincent\'swound。
\"Ishedead，sah？\"hesobbedastheyliftedhimupfromhisstoopingposition。
\"Dead。\"thesurgeonrepeated。\"Can\'tyouseeheisbreathing，anddidyounothearhimgroanwhenIexaminedhisside？Heisalongwayfrombeingadeadmanyet。Someofhisribsarebroken，andhehashadaverynastyblow；butIdonotthinkthereisanycauseforanxietyabouthim。Pouralittlewinedownhisthroat，andsprinklehisfacewithwater。Raisehisheadandputacoatunderit，andwhenheopenshiseyesandbeginstorecover，don\'tlethimmove。Thenyoucancutupthesideofhisjacketanddownthesleeve，soastogetitoffthatsidealtogether。Cuthisshirtopen，andbathethewoundwithsomewaterandbitofragofanysort；itisnotlikelytobleedmuch。Whenithasstoppedbleedingputapadoflinenuponit，andkeepitwet。Whenwecansparetimewewillbandageitproperly。\"
ButitwasnotuntillateatnightthatthetimecouldbesparedforattendingtoVincent；forthesurgeonswereoverwhelmedwithwork，andthemostseriouscaseswere，asfaraspossible，firstattendedto。Hehadsoonrecoveredconsciousness。AtfirsthelookedwithafeelingofbewildermentatDan，whowascopiouslysprinklinghisfacewithwater，sobbingloudlywhilehedidso。Assoonasthenegroperceivedthathismasterhadopenedhiseyeshegaveacryofdelight。
\"TankdeLord，MarseVincent；dischildtoughtyoudeadandgoneforsure。\"
\"What\'sthematter，Dan？Whathashappened？\"Vincentsaid，tryingtomove，andthenstoppingsuddenlywithacryofpain。
\"Youknockedoffyourhorse，sah，widoneQfshellsQfdemcussedYanks。\"
\"AmIbadlyhurt，Dan？\"
\"Berrybad，sah；greatpieceoffleshprettynighasbigasmyhandcomeoutohyourside，anddoctorsayssomeofderibsbroken。
Butdedoctornotseemtomakemuchohit；hehardsortohmandat。Sayyougetallrightagain。Notimetotendtoyounow。
HurryawayjustasifyousomepoorwhitetrashinsteadofMassaWingfieldohdoOrangery。\"
Vincentsmiledfaintly。
\"Itdoesn\'tmakemuchdifferencewhatamanisinasurgeon\'seyes，Dan；thequestionishowbadlyheishurt，andwhatcanbedoneforhim？Well，thankGodit\'snoworse。Wildfirewasnothurt，I
hope？\"
\"No，sab；heisstandingtiedupbydattree。Now，sah，dodoctorsaymecutyourjacketoffandhavedewound。\"
\"Allright，Dan；butbealittlecarefulwiththewater，youseemtobeprettyneardrowningmeasitis。Justwipemyfaceandhair，andgetthehandkerchieffromthepocketofmyjacket，andopentheshirtcollarandputthehandkerchiefinsideroundmyneck。
Howisthebattlegoingon？Theroarseemslouderthanever。\"
Danwentforwardtothecrestaofslightriseofthegroundwhencehecouldlookdownuponthefieldofbattle，andmadehastetoreturn。
\"Can\'tseeberrywell，sah；toomuchsmoke。Butdeyindosameplacestill。\"
\"Lookround，Dan，andseeifthereareanyfreshtroopscomingup。\"
\"Yes，sah；lotofmencomingoberdehillbehind。\"
\"That\'sallright，Dan。Nowyoucanseeaboutthisbathingmyside。\"
AssoonasthebattlewasoverMajorAshleyrodeuptowhereVincentandfiveorsixofhiscomradesofthecavalrywerelyingwounded。
\"Howareyougettingon，lads？PrettywellIhope？\"heaskedthesurgeonashedismounted。
\"Firstrate，major，\"oneofthemenanswered。\"WeallofustookaturnassoonasweheardthattheYankswerewhipped。\"
\"Yes，wehavethrashedthemhandsomely，\"themajorsaid。\"Ah，Wingfield，Iamgladtoseeyouarealive。Ithoughtwhenyoufellitwasalloverwithyou。\"
\"Iamnotmuchhurt，sir，\"Vincentreplied。\"Afleshwoundandsomeribsarebroken，Ihear；buttheywon\'tbelongmendingI
hope。\"
\"It\'sanastywoundtolookat，\"themajorsaid，asDanliftedthepadofwetlinen。\"Butwithyouthandhealthyouwillsoongetroundit，neverfear。\"
\"Ah，mypoorlad，yoursisaworsecase，\"hesaidashebentoverayoungfellowwhowaslyingafewpacesfromVincent。
\"It\'sallupwithme，major，\"herepliedfaintly；\"thedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingforme。ButIdon\'tmind，nowwehavebeatenthem。Youwillsendalinetotheoldpeople，major，won\'tyou，andsayIdieddoingmyduty？I\'vegottwobrothers，andIexpecttheywillsendoneontotakemyplace。\"
\"Iwillwritetothem，mylad，\"themajorsaid，\"andtellthemallaboutyou。\"Hecouldgivetheladnofalsehopes，foralreadyagrayshadewasstealingoverthewhiteface，andtheendwascloseathand；inafewminutesheceasedtobreathe。
Lateintheeveningthesurgeons，havingattendedtomoreurgentcases，cameround。Vincent\'swoundwasnowmorecarefullyexaminedthanbefore，buttheresultwasthesame。Threeoftheribswerebadlyfractured，buttherewasnoseriousdanger。
\"Youwillwantquietandgoodnursingforsometime，mylad，\"theprincipalsurgeonsaid。\"TherewillbeatrainofwoundedgoingoffforRichmondthefirstthinginthemorning，andyoushallgobyit。Youhadbettergetadoor，lads，\"hesaidtosomeofthetrooperswhohadcomeacrossfromthespotwherethecavalrywerebivouackedtoseehowtheircomradesweregettingon，\"andcarryhimdownandputhiminthetrain。Onehasjustbeensentoff，andanotherwillbemadeupatonce，sothatthewoundedcanbeputinitastheyaretakendown。NowIwillbandagethewound，anditwillnotwantanymoreattentionuntilyougethome。\"
Awadoflintwasplaceduponthewoundandbandagedtightlyroundthebody。
Rememberyouhavegottoheperfectlyquiet，andnotattempttomovetilltheboneshaveknit。Iamafraidthattheyarebadlyfractured，andwillrequiresometimetohealupagain。\"
Adoorwasfetchedfromanout-housenear，andVincentandtwoofhiscomrades，whowerealsoorderedtobesenttotherear，wereonebyonecarrieddowntothenearestpointontherailway，whereatrainstoodreadytoreceivethem，andtheywerethenlaidontheseats。
Allnightthewoundedkeptarriving，andbymorningthetrainwaspackedasfullasitwouldhold，andwithtwoorthreesurgeonsinchargestartedforRichmond。Danwaspermittedtoaccompanythetrain，atVincent\'surgentrequest，inthecharacterofdoctor\'sassistant，andhewentaboutdistributingwatertothewounded，andassistingthesurgeonsinmovingsuchusrequiredit。
ItwasnightbeforethetrainreachedRichmond。Anumberofpeoplewereatthestationtoreceiveit；forassoonasthenewsofthebattlehadbeenreceived，preparationshadbeenmadeforthereceptionofthewounded，severalpublicbuildingshadbeenconvertedintohospitals，andnumbersofthecitizenshadcomeforwardwithofferstotakeoneormoreofthewoundedintotheirhouses。Thestreetswerecrowdedwithpeople，whowerewildwithjoyatthenewsofthevictorywhich，astheybelieved，hadsecuredtheStatefromanyfurtherfearofinvasion。Numbersofwillinghandswereinreadinesstocarrythewoundedonstretcherstothehospitals，whereallthesurgeonsofthetownwerealreadywaitingtoattenduponthemVincent，athisownrequest，wasonlylaiduponabed，ashesaidthathewouldgohometohenursedthefirstthinginthemorning。
Thisbeingthecaseitwasneedlesstoputhimtothepainandtroubleofbeingundressed。DanhadstartedassoonashesawhismastercarriedintothehospitaltotakethenewstotheOrangery，beingstrictlychargedbyVincenttomakelightofhisinjury，andonnoaccountwhatevertoalarmthem。Hewastoaskthatthecarriageshouldcometofetchhimthefirstthinginthemorning。
ItwasindeedbutjustdaybreakwhenMrs。Wingfielddroveuptothehospital。Danhadbeensoseverelycross-examinedthathehadbeenobligedtogiveanaccurateaccountofVincent\'sinjury。
Therewasbustleandmovementevenatthatearlyhour，foranothertrainofwoundedhadjustarrived。Assheenteredthehospitalshegaveanexclamationofpleasure，foratthedoorweretwogentlemeninconversation，oneofwhomwasthedoctorwhohadlongattendedthefamilyattheOrangery。
\"Iamgladyouarehere，Dr。Mapleston；forIwantyouropinionbeforeImoveVincent。Haveyouseenhim？\"
\"No，Mrs。Wingfield；Ididnotknowhewashere。Ihavechargeofoneofthewards，andhavenothadtimetoseewhoareintheothers。IsincerelyhopeVincentisnotseriouslyhurt。\"
\"That\'swantIwanttofindout，doctor。Hisboybroughtusnewslatelastnightthathewashere。Hesaidthedoctorsconsideredthathewasnotinanydanger；butasitseemsthathehadthreeribsbrokenandadeepfleshwoundfromtheexplosionofashell，itseemstomethatitmustbeserious。\"
\"Iwillgoupandseehimatonce，Mrs。Wingfield，andfindoutfromthesurgeoninchargeofhiswardexactlywhatisthematterwithhim。\"DanledthewaytothebeduponwhichVincentwaslying。Hewasonlydozing，andopenedhiseyesastheycameup。
\"Mypoorboy，\"Mrs。Wingfleldsaid，strugglingwithhertearsatthesightofhispaleface，\"thisissadindeed。\"
\"Itisnothingverybad，mother，\"Vincentrepliedcheerfully；
\"nothingatalltofretabout。Thewoundisnothingtotheinjuriesofmostofthosehere。Isuppose，doctor，Icanbemovedatonce？\"
DoctorMaplestonfelthispulse。
\"Yenarefeverish，mylad；butperhapsthebestthingforyouwouldbetogetyouhomewhileyoucanbemoved。Youwilldofarbettertherethanhere。ButImustspeaktothesurgeoninchargeofyoufirst，andhearwhathesays。\"
\"Yes，Ithinkyoucanmovehim，\"thesurgeonofthewardsaid。
\"Hehasgotanastywound，andtheticketwithhimsaidthatthreeribswerebadlyfractured；butImadenoexamination，ashesaidhewouldbefetchedthefirstthingthismorning。Ionlyputonafreshdressingandbandagedit。Thesooneryougethimoffthebetter，ifheistobemoved。Feverissettingin，andhewillprobablybewanderingbythisevening。Hewillhaveamuchbetterchanceathome，withcoolroomsandquietandcarefulnursing，thanhecanhavehere；thoughtherewouldbenolackofeithercomfortsornurses，forhalftheladiesinthetownhavevolunteeredforthework，andwehaveoffersofallthemedicalcomfortsthatcouldberequiredwerethelistofwoundedtentimesaslargeasitis。\"
Astretcherwasbroughtin，andVincentwasliftedasgentlyaspossibleuponit。Thenhewascarrieddown-stairsandthestretcherplacedinthecarriage，whichwasalargeopenone，andaffordedjustsufficientlengthforit。Mrs。Wingfieldtookherseatbesidehim。Danmountedtheboxbesidethecoachman。
\"Iwillbeoutinanhour，Mrs。Wingfield，\"Dr。Maplestonsaid。\"I
havetogoroundthewardagain，andwillthendriveoutatonce。
Givehimlemonadeandcoolingdrinks；don\'tlethimtalk。Cuthisclothesoffhim，andkeeptheroomsomewhatdark，butwithafreecurrentofair。Iwillbringoutsomemedicinewithme。\"
Thecarriagedroveslowlytoavoidshaking，andwhentheyapproachedthehouseMrs。WingfleldtoldDantojumpdownandcometothesideofhercarriage。Thenshetoldhimtorunonasfastashecouldahead，andtotellherdaughtersnottomeetthemupontheirarrival，andthatalltheservantsweretobekeptoutoftheway，exceptthreementocarryVincentupstairs。Theladwasconsequentlygotuptohisroomwithoutanyexcitement，andwassoonlyingonhisbedwithasheetthrownlightlyoverhim。
\"Thatiscomfortable，\"hesaid，ashismotherbathedhisfaceandhandsandsmoothedhishair。\"Wherearethegirls，mother？\"
\"Theywillcomeintoseeyounow，Vincent；butyouaretokeepquitequietyouknow，andnottotalk。\"Thegirlsstoleinandsaidafewwords，andlefthimaloneagainwithMrs。Wingfield。Hedidnotlooktothemsoillastheyhadexpected，fortherewasaflushoffeveronhischeeks。Dr。Maplestonarrivedinanotherhalf-hour，examinedandredressedthewound，andcomfortedMrs。Wingfieldwiththeassurancethattherewasnothinginitlikelytoprovedangeroustolife。
\"Ourtroublewillberatherwiththeeffectoftheshockthanwiththewounditself。Heisveryfeverishnow，andyoumustnotbealarmedifbythiseveningheisdelirious。Youwillgivehimthiscoolingdraughteverythreehours；hecanhaveanythinginthewayofcoolingdrinkshelikes。Ifhebeginstowander，putclothsdippedincoldwaterandwrungoutonhishead，andspongehishandswithwaterwithalittleeaudeCologneinit。Ifheseemsveryhotsetoneofthewomentofanhim，butdon\'tlethergoonifitseemstoworryhim。Iwillcomeroundagainathalfpastninethiseveningandwillmakearrangementstopassthenighthere。
WehavetelegramssayingthatsurgeonsarecomingfromCharlestonandmanyotherplaces，soIcanverywellbespared。\"
Whenthedoctorreturnedintheevening，hefound，ashehadanticipated，thatVincentwasinahighstateoffever。Thiscontinuedfourorfivedays，andthengraduallypassedoff；andhewokeuponemorningperfectlyconscious。Hismotherwassittingonachairatthebedside。
\"Whato\'clockisit，mother？\"heasked。\"HaveIbeenasleeplong？\"
\"Sometime，dear，\"sheansweredgently；\"butyoumustnottalk。
Youaretotakethisdraughtandtogoofftosleepagain；whenyouwakeyoumayaskanyquestionsyoulike。\"Sheliftedthelad\'shead，gavehimthedraughtandsomecoldtea，thendarkenedtheroom，andinafewminuteshewasasleepagain。
CHAPTERVII。THEMERRIMACANDTHEMONITOR。
ITWASsomeweeksbeforeVincentwasabletowalkunaided。
Hisconvalescencewassomewhatslow，fortheshocktothesystemhadbeenasevereone。Thelongrail-wayjourneyhadbeeninjurioustohim，forthebandagehadbecomesomewhatlooseandthebrokenpiecesofbonehadgrateduponeachother，andweremuchlongerinknittingtogetherthantheywouldhavebeenhadhebeentreatedonthespot。
Assoonashecouldwalkhebegantobeanxioustorejoinhistroop，butthedoctorsaidthatmanyweeksmustelapsebeforehewouldbereadytoundergothehardshipsofcampaign。Hewasreconciledtosomeextenttothedelaybylettersfromhisfriendswiththetroopandbytheperusalofthepapers。TherewasnothingwhateverdoinginVirginia。Thetwoarmiesstillfacedeachother，theNorthernersprotectedbythestrongfortificationstheyhadthrownuproundWashington-fortificationsmuchtooformidabletobeattackedbytheConfederates，heldastheywerebyaforceimmenselysuperiortotheirown，bothinnumbersandaims。
TheNorthernerswereindeedhardatwork，collectingandorganizinganarmywhichwastocrushouttherebellion。GeneralScotthadbeensucceededbyMcClellaninthesupremecommand，andthenewgeneralwasindefatigableinorganizingthevastmassesofmenraisedinthoNorth。SogreatweretheeffortsthatinafewmonthsafterthedefeatofBullRuntheNorthhad650，000
meninarms。
ButwhilenomovehadatpresentbeenmadeagainstVirginiatherewassharpfightinginsomeoftheborderstates，especiallyinMissouriandKentucky，inbothofwhichpublicopinionwasmuchdivided，andregimentswereraisedonbothsides。
VariousoperationswerenowundertakenbytheFederalfleetatpointsalongthecoast，andseveralimportantpositionsweretakenandoccupied，itbeingimpossiblefortheConfederatestodefendsolongalineofsea-coast。TheSouthhadlostratherthangainedgroundinconsequenceoftheirvictoryatBullBun。Foratimetheyhadbeenundulyelated，andweredisposedaltogethertounderratetheirenemiesandtobelievethatthestrugglewasasgoodasover。Thus，then，theymadenoeffortatailcorrespondingtothatoftheNorth；butastimewenton，andtheysawthevastnessofthepreparationsmadefortheirconquest，thepeopleoftheSouthernStatesagainbestirredthemselves。
OwingtotheNorthhavingthecommandofthesea，andshuttingupalltheprincipalports，theyhadtorelyuponthemselvesforeverything，whiletheNorthcoulddrawarmsandammunitionandalltherequisitesofwarfromthemarketsofEurope。Foundrieswereaccordinglyestablishedforthemanufactureofartillery，andfactoriesformuskets，ammunition，andpercussioncaps。TheSouthhad，infact，tomanufactureeverythingdowntotheclothforhersoldiersuniformsandtheleatherfortheirshoes；and，asinthepastshehadreliedwhollyupontheNorthforsuchgoods，itwasforatimeimpossibletosupplythetroopswitheventhemostnecessaryarticles。
ThewomenthroughouttheStatesweresettowork，spinningandweavingroughcloth，andmakinguniformsfromit。Leather，however，cannotbeproducedallatonce，andindeedwithalltheireffortstheConfederateauthoritieswereneverthroughoutthewarabletoprovideasufficientsupplyofbootsforthetroops，andmanyabattlewaswonbysoldierswhofoughtalmostbarefootedandwhoreshodthemselvesforthemostpartbystrippingthebootsfromtheirdeadfoes。ManyotherarticlescouldnotbeproducedintheSouthernStates，andtheConfederatessufferedmuchfromthewantofpropermedicinesandsurgicalappliances。
Fortheseandmanyothernecessariestheyhadtodependsolelyupontheshipswhichsucceededinmakingtheirwaythroughtheenemy\'scruisersandrunningtheblockadeoftheports。Wine，tea，coffee，andotherimportedarticlessoonbecameluxuriesbeyondthemeansofall，eventheverywealthy。Allsortsofsubstituteswereused；grainroastedandgroundbeingchieflyusedasasubstituteforcoffee。HithertotheSouthbadbeenprincipallyoccupiedinraisingcottonandtobacco，dependingchieflyupontheNorthforfood；anditwasnecessarynowtoabandonthecultivationofproductsforwhichtheyhadnosale，andtodevotethelandtothegrowthofmaizeandothercropsforfood。
Bythetimethatthelongperiodofinactioncametoaclose，Vincenthadcompletelyrecoveredhisstrength，andwasreadytorejointheranksassoonastheordercamefromColonelStuart，whohadpromisedtosendforhimdirectlytherewasaprospectofactiveservice。
OneofVincent\'sfirstquestionsassoonashebecameconvalescentwaswhetheraletterhadbeenreceivedfromTony。
Ithadcome，hewastold，amongthelastbatchoflettersthatcrossedthefrontierbeforetheoutbreakofhostilities，andMrs。
Wingfleld，had，asbehadrequested，openedit。Ashadbeenarranged，ithadmerelycontainedTony\'saddressatavillagenearMontreal；forVincenthadwarnedhimtosaynothingintheletter，fortherewasnosaying，inthetroubledtimeswhichwereapproachingwhenTonyleft，intowhosehandsitmightfall。
Vincenthadbeforestartingtoldhismotherofthesharehehadtakeningettingthenegrosafelyaway，andMrs。Wingfield，broughtupasshehadbeentoregardthosewhoassistedrunawayslavestoescapeinthesamelightasthosewhoassistedtostealanyotherkindofproperty，wasatfirstgreatlyshockedwhensheheardthathersonhadtakenpartinsuchanenterprise，howeverworthyofcompassiontheslavemightbe，andhoweverbrutalthemasterfromwhosehandshehadfled。However，asVincentwasonthepointofstartingforthewartomeetdanger，andpossiblydeath，inthedefenseofVirginia，shehadsaidlittle，andthatlittlewasinreferencerathertotheimprudenceofthecoursehehadtakenthantowhatsheregardedinherownmindasitsfolly，andindeeditscriminality。
Shehad，however，promisedthatassoonasTony\'sletterarrivedshewould，ifitwasstillpossible，forwardDinahandthechildtohim，supplyingherwithmoneyforthejourney，andgivingherthepapersfreeingherfromslaverywhichVincenthaddulysignedinthepresenceofajustice。Whenthelettercame，however，itwasalreadytoolate。Fightingwasonthepointofcommencing，allintercourseacrosstheborderwasstopped，thetrainswerealltakenupfortheconveyanceoftroops，andevenamanwouldhavehadgreatdifficultyinpassingnorthward，whileforanunprotectednegresswithababysuchajourneywouldhavebeenimpossible。
Mrs。Wingfieldhadthereforewrittenfourtimesatfort-nightlyintervalstoTony，sayingthatitwasimpossibletosendDinahoffatpresent，butthatsheshouldbedespatchedassoonasthetroubleswereover，uponreceiptofanotherletterfromhimsayingthathisaddresswasunchanged，orgivinganewone。Theselettersweredulyposted，anditwasprobablethatoneorotherofthemwouldintimereachTony，asmailsweresentofftoEuropewheneveranopportunityofferedforthemtobetakenbyasteamerrunningtheblockadefromaSouthernport。Dinah，therefore，stillremainedattheOrangery。Shewaswellandhappy，forherlifetherewasadelightfuloneindeedafterhertoilandhardshipattheJackson\'s；andalthoughshewasanxioustojoinherhusband，theknowledgethathewaswellandsafefromallpursuit，andthatsoonerorlatershewouldjoinhimwithherchild，wassufficienttomakeherperfectlycontented。
DuringVincent\'sillnessshehadbeenhismostconstantattendant；
forherchildnownolongerrequiredhercare，andpassedmuchofitstimedownatthenursery，wheretheyoungchildrenoftheslaveswerelookedafterbytwoorthreeagednegressespastactivework。ShehadthereforebeggedMrs。Wingfieldtobeallowedtotakeherplacebythebedsideofheryoungmaster，and，aftergivingheratrial，Mrs。Wingfleldfoundhersoquiet，gentle，andpatientthatsheinstalledherthere，andwasabletoobtaintherestsheneeded，withafeelingofconfidencethatVincentwouldbewellattendedtoinherabsence。
WhenVincentwaswellenoughtobeaboutagain，hissistersweresurprisedatthechangethathadtakenplaceinhimsincehehadstartedafewmonthsbeforeforthewar。Itwasnotsomuchthathehadgrown，thoughhehaddonesoconsiderably，butthathewasmucholderinmannerandappearance。Hehadbeendoingman\'swork:workrequiringvigilance，activity，andcourage，andtheycouldnolongertreathimasaboy。Ashebecamestrongerhetooktoridingabouttheplantation；butnotuponWildfire，forhishorsewasstillwiththetroop，ColonelStuarthavingpromisedtoseethattheanimalwaswellcaredfor，andthatnooneshouldrideuponitbuthimself。
\"IhopeyoulikeJonasPearsonbetterthanyouusedtodo，Vincent，\"Mrs。Wingfieldsaidadayortwobeforehestartedtorejoinhistroop。
\"Ican\'tsayIdo，mother，\"herepliedshortly。\"Themanisveryciviltomenow-toocivil，infact；butIdon\'tlikehim，andIdon\'tbelieveheishonest。Idon\'tmeanthathewouldcheatyou，thoughhemaydosoforanythingIknow；buthepretendstobeaviolentSecessionist，whichashecomesfromVermontisnotnatural，andIimaginehewouldsingadifferenttuneifthebluecoatsevergettoRichmond。StillIhavenothingparticulartosayagainsthim，exceptthatIdon\'tlikehimandIdon\'ttrusthim。SolongaseverythinggoesonwellfortheConfederacyIdon\'tsupposeitmatters，butifweshouldevergettheworstofityouwillseethatfellowwillbemischievous。
\"however，Ihearthathehasobeyedyourorders，andthattherehasbeennofloggingontheestatesinceIwentaway。Infact，asfarasIcansee，hedoesnotkeepanythinglikesuchasharphandovertheslavesasheusedtodo；andinsomeofthefieldstheworkseemstobedoneinaveryslovenlyway。WhathisgameisIdon\'tknow；butIhavenodoubtwhateverthathehassomegameinhismind。\"
\"Youareamostprejudicedboy，\"Mrs。Wingfieldsaid，laughing。
\"Firstofallthemanistoostrict，andyouwerefuriousaboutit；
nowyouthinkhe\'stoolenient，andyouatoncesuspecthehaswhatyoucallagameofsomesortorotheron。Youarehardtopleaseindeed。\"
Vincentsmiled。\"Well，asItoldyouoncebefore，weshallsee。I
hopeIamwrong，andthatPearsonisallthatyoubelievehimtobe。IownthatImaybeprejudicedagainsthim；butnothingwillpersuaderuethatitwasnotfromhimthatJacksonlearnedthatDinahwashere，anditwastothatweowethevisitofthosheriffandthesearchingtheplantationforTony。However，whateverthemanisatheart，hecan，asfarasIsee，doyounoinjuryaslongasthingsgoonastheyare，andIsincerelytrusthewillneverhaveanopportunityofdoingso。\"
DuringthewinterVincenthadmadetheacquaintanceefmanyoftheSouthernleaders。Thetownwasthecenterofthemovement，theheartoftheConfederacy。Itwasagainstit，asthecapitaloftheSouthernStates，thattheeffortsoftheNorthernswereprincipallydirected，andtoitflockedtheleadingmenfromallpartsofthecountry。AlthougheveryVirginianfamilyhadsomeofitsmembersatthefront，andafeelingofanxietyreignedeverywhere，asemblanceofgayetywaskeptup。Thetheaterwasopened，andpartiesandballsgiven，inordertokeepupthespiritsofthepeoplebytheexampleofthoseofhigherrank。
Theseballsdifferedwidelyinappearancefromthoseofeighteenmonthsbefore。Thegentlemenwerealmostallinuniform，andalreadycalicoesandothercheapfabricswerewornbymanyoftheladies，asforeigndressmaterialscouldnolongerbepurchased。
Mrs。Wingfieldmadeapointofalwaysattendingwithherdaughtersattheseentertainments，whichtotheyoungpeopleaffordedacheerfulbreakinthedullnessandmonotonyoftheirusuallife；for，owingtotheabsenceofalmostalltheyoungmenwiththearmy，therehadbeenalongcessationofthepleasantinterchangeofvisits，impromptuparties，andsocialgatheringsthathadformedafeatureinthelifeinVirginia。
TheballswouldhavebeenbutdullaffairshadonlytheresidentsofRichmondbeenpresent；butleavewasgrantedasmuchaspossibletoofficersstationedwithregimentswithinarailwayrunofthetown，andastheseeagerlyavailedthemselvesofthechangefromthemonotonyofcamplife，thegirlshadnoreasontocomplainofwantofpartners。HereandatthereceptionsgivenbyPresidentDavis，VincentmetalltheleadersoftheConfederacy，civilandmilitary。ManyofthemhadbeenpersonalfriendsoftheWingfieldsbeforetheSecessionmovementbegan，andamongthemwasGeneralMagruder，whocommandedthetroopsroundRichmond。
EarlyinthewinterthegeneralhadcalledattheOrangery。\"Wearegoingtomakeacalluponthepatriotismoftheplantersofthisneighborhood，Mrs。Wingfield，\"hesaidduringlunchtime。\"Yousee，ourarmiesarefacingthoseoftheFederalsoppositeWashington，andcanofferafirmfronttoanyfoemarchingdownfromtheNorth；but，unfortunatelytheyhavethecommandofthesea，andthereisnothingtopreventtheirembarkinganarmyonboardshipandlandingitineithertheJamesortheYorkRivers，andinthatcasetheymightmakearushuponRichmondbeforetherewouldbetimetobringdowntroopstoouraid。Iamthereforeproposingtoerectachainofworksbetweenthetworivers，soastobeabletokeepevenalargearmyatbayuntilreinforcementsarrive；buttodothisalargenumberofhandswillberequired，andwearegoingtoasktheproprietorsofplantationstoplaceasmanynegroesastheycanspareatourdisposal。\"
\"Therecanbenodoubtastotheresponseyourquestionwillmeetwith，general。Atpresentwehavescarceenoughworkforourslavestodo。Iintendtogrownotobacconextyear，foritwillonlyrotinthewarehouse，andacomparativelysmallnumberofhandsarerequiredtoraisecorncrops。IhaveaboutahundredandseventyworkinghandsontheOrangery，andshallbehappytoplaceahundredatyourdisposalforaslongatimeasyoumayrequirethem。Ifyouwantfiftymoreyoucanofcoursehavethem。
Everythingelsemustatpresentgivewaytothegoodofthecause。\"
\"Ithankyoumuch，Mrs。Wingfield，foryouroffers，andwillputyournamedownthefirstonthelistofcontributors。\"
\"Youseemquitetohaverecoverednow，\"hesaidtoVincentafewminutesafterward。
\"Yes；Iamquiteashamedofstayingheresolong，general。ButI
feelsomepainattimes；andasthereisnothingdoingatthefront，andmydoctorsaysthatitisogimportanceIshouldhaverestaslongaspossible，Ihavestayedon。MajorAshleyhaspromisedtorecallmeassoonasthereisaprospectofactivework。\"
\"Ithinkitisquitelikelythattherewillbeactiveworkhereassoonasanywhereelse，\"thegeneralsaid。\"WeknowprettywellwhatisdoingatWashington，andthoughnothinghasbeendecidedupon，thereisapartyinfavorofalandinginforcehere；andifso，weshallhavehotwork。Whatdoyousay？IfyoulikeIwillgetyouacommissionandappointyouoneofmyaides-de-camp。Yourknowledgeofthecountrywillmakeyouuseful，andasAshleyhasspeciallymentionedyournameinoneofhisdespatches，youcanhaveyourcommissionbyaskingforit。
\"Ifthereistobefightingroundhere，itwillbeofmoreinteresttoyoudefendingyourownhomethanintakingpartiiigeneralengagementsforthesafetyoftheState。Itwill，too，enableyoutobeagooddealathome；andalthoughsofartheslaveshavebehavedextremelywell，thereisnosayingexactlywhatmayhappeniftheNorthernerscomeamongus。Youcanrejoinyourowncorpsafterward，youknow，ifnothingcomesofthis。\"
Vincentwasatfirstinclinedtodeclinetheoffer，buthismotherandsistersweresopleasedathavinghimnearthemthathefinallyacceptedwiththanks，beingprincipallyinfluencedbythegeneral\'slastargument，thatpossiblytheremightbetroublewiththeslavesintheeventofalandingintheJamesPeninsulabytheNortherners。Afewdayslatertherecameanofficialintimationthathehadreceivedacommissioninthecavalry，andhadatGeneralMagruder\'srequestbeenappointedtohisstaff，andheatonceentereduponhisnewduties。
ThefortressofMonroe，attheentranceofHamptonRoads，wasstillinthehandsoftheFederals，andalargeFederalfleetwasassembledhere，andwasonlypreventedfromsailinguptheJamesRiverbytheMerrimac，asteamerwhichtheConfederateshadplatedwithrailwayiron。Theyhadalsoconstructedbatteriesuponsomehighbluffsoneachsideoftheriver。Inashorttime5，000
negroesweresettoworkerectingbatteriesupontheYorkRiveratYorktownandGloucesterPoint，anduponalineofworksextendingfromWarwickupontheJamesRivertoShipPointontheYork，throughalineofwoodedandswampycountryintersectedbystreamsemptyingthemselvesintooneorotheroftherivers。
Thislinewassomethirtymilesinlength，andwouldrequire25，000mentoguardit；butMagruderhopedthattherewouldbesufficientwarningofanattacktoenablereinforcementstoarriveintimetoraisehisowncommandofabout10，000mentothatstrength。Thenegroesworkedcheerfully，fortheyreceivedacertainamountofpayfromtheState；buttheworkwasheavyanddifficult，anddifferentaltogethertothatwhichtheywereaccustomedtoperform。Thebatteriesbythesidesoftheriversmadefairprogress，buttheadvanceofthelonglineofworksacrossthepeninsulawasbutslow。Vincenthad，uponreceivinghisappointment，writtenatoncetoMajorAshley，sendinghisletterbyDan，whowasorderedtobringbackWildfire。Vincentstatedthathadheconsultedhispersonalfeelingbeshouldhavepreferredremainingintheranksofhisoldcorps；butthatasthefightingmightbeclosetohishome，andtherewasnosayingwhatmightbethebehavioroftheslavepopulationintheeventofaNortherninvasion，hehad，forthesakeofhismotherandsisters，acceptedtheappointment，butassoonasthedangerwasoverhehopedtorejointhecorpsandserveunderhisformercommander。
Dan，onhisreturnwithWildfire，broughtaletterfromthemajorsayingthatalthoughheshouldhavebeengladtohavehadhimwithhim，hequiteagreedwiththedecisionatwhichhehad，underthecircumstances，arrived。Vincentnowtookuphisquartersatthecampformedashortdistancefromthecity，andmuchofhistimewasspentinridingtoandfromthepeninsula，seeingthattheworkswerebeingcarriedoutaccordingtotheplanofthegeneral，andreportinguponthemannerinwhichthecontractorsforthesupplyoffoodtothenegroesatworkthereperformedtheirduties。
Sometimeshewasawayfortwoorthreedaysuponthiswork；butbegenerallymanagedonceortwiceaweektogethomeforafewhours。
TheinhabitantsofRichmondanditsneighborhoodwerenaturallygreatlyinterestedintheprogressoftheworksfortheirdefense，andpartieswereoftenorganizedtorideordrivetoYorktown，ortothebatteriesontheJamesRiver，towatchtheprogressmade。
UpononeoccasionVincentaccompaniedhismotherandsisters，andapartyofladiesandgentlemenfromtheneighboringplantations，toDrury\'sBluff，whereanentrenchedpositionnamedFortDarlinghadbeenerected，andpreparationsmadetosinkvesselsacrosstheriver，andcloseitagainsttheadvanceoftheenemy\'sfleetshouldanymisfortunehappentotheMerrimac。
Severalotherpartieshadbeenmadeup，andeachbroughtprovisionswiththem。GeneralMagruderandsomeofhisofficersreceivedthemupontheirarrival，andconductedthemovertheworks。Afterthisthewholepartysatdowntoapicnicmealontheground，andnostrangercouldhaveguessedthatthemerrypartyformedpartofapopulationthreatenedwithinvasionbyapowerfulfoe。Therewerespeechesandtoasts，allofapatrioticcharacter，andGeneralMagruderraisedtheenthusiasmtothehighestpointbyinformingthemthatinafewdays-theexactdaywasasecret，butitwouldbeveryshortly-theMerrimac，or，asshehadbeenre-christened，theVirginia，wouldputoutfromNorfolkHarbor，andseewhatshecoulddotoclearHamptonRoadsofthefleetthatnowthreatenedthem。AstheywereridingbacktoRichmondthegeneralsaidtoVincent:
\"IwilltellyoualittlemorethanItoldtheothers，Wingfield。I
believetheMerrimacwillgooutthedayafterto-morrow。IwishI