The Spirit of Laws

第47章

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第47章

The Spirit of Laws Baron Charles De Secondat Mont

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The Spirit of Laws
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  InthereignofKingPepin,thecustomsthenestablishedhadnotthesameforceasthelaws;butitwasnotlongbeforethelawsgavewaytothecustoms。Andasnewregulationsaregenerallyremediesthatimplyapresentevil,itmaywellbeimaginedthatasearlyasPepin’stime,theybegantopreferthecustomstotheestablishedlaws。

  WhathasbeensaidsufficientlyexplainsthemannerinwhichtheRomanlawbegansoveryearlytobecometerritorial,asmaybeseenintheedictofPistes;andhowtheGothiclawcontinuedstillinforce,asappearsbythesynodofTroyesabove—mentioned。[66]TheRomanhadbecomethegeneralpersonallaw,andtheGothictheparticularpersonallaw;

  consequentlytheRomanlawwasterritorial。Buthowcameit,somewillask,thatthepersonallawsoftheBarbariansfelleverywhereintodisuse,whiletheRomanlawwascontinuedasaterritorialinstitutionintheVisigothandBurgundianprovinces?IanswerthateventheRomanlawhadverynearlythesamefateastheotherpersonalinstitutions;

  otherwisewewouldstillhavetheTheodosiancodeinthoseprovinceswheretheRomanlawwasterritorial,whereaswehavetheinstitutesofJustinian。ThoseprovincesretainedscarcelyanythingmorethanthenameofthecountryundertheRoman,orwrittenlaw,thanthenaturalaffectionwhichpeoplehavefortheirowninstitutions,especiallywhentheyconsiderthemasprivileges,andafewregulationsoftheRomanlawwhichwerenotyetforgotten。Thiswas,however,sufficienttoproducesuchaneffectthat,whenJustinian’scompilationappeared,itwasreceivedintheprovincesoftheGothicandBurgundiandemesneasawrittenlaw,whereasitwasadmittedonlyaswrittenreasonintheancientdemesneoftheFranks。

  13。DifferencebetweentheSaliclaw,orthatoftheSalianFranks,andthatoftheRipuarianFranksandotherbarbarousNations。TheSaliclawdidnotallowofthecustomofnegativeproofs;thatis,ifapersonbroughtademandorchargeagainstanother,hewasobligedbytheSaliclawtoproveit,anditwasnotsufficientforthesecondtodenyit,whichisagreeabletothelawsofalmostallnations。

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