The Provincial Letters

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第2章

The Provincial Letters Blaise Pascal

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The Provincial Letters
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  Bysayingsufficientweexpressallthatisnecessaryforaction;anditwillservelittlepurposefortheDominicanstoexclaimthattheyattachanothersensetotheexpression;thepeople,accustomedtothecommonacceptationofthatterm,wouldnotevenlistentotheirexplanation。ThustheSocietygainsasufficientadvantagefromtheexpressionwhichhasbeenadoptedbytheDominicans,withoutpressingthemanyfurther;andwereyoubutacquaintedwithwhatpassedunderPopesClementVIIIandPaulV,andknewhowtheSocietywasthwartedbytheDominicansintheestablishmentofthesufficientgrace,youwouldnotbesurprisedtofindthatitavoidsembroilingitselfinquarrelswiththemandallowsthemtoholdtheirownopinion,providedthatoftheSocietyisleftuntouched;andmoreespecially,whentheDominicanscountenanceitsdoctrine,byagreeingtoemploy,onallpublicoccasions,thetermsufficientgrace。\"TheSociety,\"hecontinued,\"isquitesatisfiedwiththeircomplaisance。Itdoesnotinsistontheirdenyingthenecessityofefficaciousgrace,thiswouldbeurgingthemtoofar。Peopleshouldnottyrannizeovertheirfriends;andtheJesuitshavegainedquiteenough。Theworldiscontentwithwords;fewthinkofsearchingintothenatureofthings;andthusthenameofsufficientgracebeingadoptedonbothsides,thoughindifferentsenses,thereisnobody,exceptthemostsubtletheologians,whoeverdreamsofdoubtingthatthethingsignifiedbythatwordisheldbytheJacobinsaswellasbytheJesuits;

  andtheresultwillshowthattheselastarenotthegreatestdupes。\"I

  acknowledgedthattheywereashrewdclassofpeople,theseJesuits;and,availingmyselfofhisadvice,IwentstraighttotheJacobins,atwhosegateIfoundoneofmygoodfriends,astaunchJansenist(foryoumustknowIhavegotfriendsamongallparties),whowascallingforanothermonk,differentfromhimwhomIwasinsearchof。Iprevailedonhim,however,aftermuchentreaty,toaccompanyme,andaskedforoneofmyNewThomists。

  Hewasdelightedtoseemeagain。\"Hownow!mydearfather,\"Ibegan,\"itseemsitisnotenoughthatallmenhaveaproximatepower,withwhichtheycanneveractwitheffect;theymusthavebesidesthisasufficientgrace,withwhichtheycanactaslittle。Isnotthatthedoctrineofyourschool?\"\"Itis,\"saidtheworthymonk;\"andIwasupholdingitthisverymorningintheSorbonne。Ispokeonthepointduringmywholehalf—hour;

  and,butforthesand—glass,Ibadefairtohavereversedthatwickedproverb,nowsocurrentinParis:’Hevoteswithoutspeaking,likeamonkintheSorbonne。’\"\"Whatdoyoumeanbyyourhalf—hourandyoursand—glass?\"I

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