ON THE GENERATION OF ANIMALS

第5章

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第5章

ON THE GENERATION OF ANIMALS Aristotle

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ON THE GENERATION OF ANIMALS
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  Anditagreeswithourviewsthatthebeesattendupontheirkingsbecausetheyaretheiroffspring(forifnothingofthesorthadbeenthecasethefactsabouttheirleadershipwouldbeunreasonable),andthat,whiletheysufferthekingstodonoworkasbeingtheirparents,theypunishthedronesastheirchildren,foritisnoblertopunishone’schildrenandthosewhohavenoworktoperform。Thefactthattheleaders,beingfew,generatethebeesinlargenumbersseemstobesimilartowhatobtainsinthegenerationoflions,whichatfirstproducefive,afterwardsasmallernumbereachtimeatlastoneandthereafternone。Sotheleadersatfirstproduceanumberofworkers,afterwardsafewoftheirownkind;thusthebroodofthelatterissmallerinnumberthanthatoftheformer,butwhereNaturehastakenawayfromtheminnumbershehasmadeitupagaininsize。

  Suchappearstobethetruthaboutthegenerationofbees,judgingfromtheoryandfromwhatarebelievedtobethefactsaboutthem;thefacts,however,havenotyetbeensufficientlygrasped;ifevertheyare,thencreditmustbegivenrathertoobservationthantotheories,andtotheoriesonlyifwhattheyaffirmagreeswiththeobservedfacts。

  Afurtherindicationthatbeesareproducedwithoutcopulationisthefactthatthebroodappearssmallinthecellsofthecomb,whereas,wheneverinsectsaregeneratedbycopulation,theparentsremainunitedforalongtimebutproducequicklysomethingofthenatureofascolexandofaconsiderablesize。

  Concerningthegenerationofanimalsakintothem,ashornetsandwasps,thefactsinallcasesaresimilartoacertainextent,butaredevoidoftheextraordinaryfeatureswhichcharacterizebees;thisweshouldexpect,fortheyhavenothingdivineaboutthemasthebeeshave。Fortheso—called’mothers’generatetheyoungandmouldthefirstpartofthecombs,buttheygeneratebycopulationwithoneanother,fortheirunionhasoftenbeenobserved。Asforallthedifferencesofeachofthesekindfromoneanotherandfrombees,theymustbeinvestigatedwiththeaidoftheillustrationstotheEnquiries。

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