TOPICS

第2章

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第2章

TOPICS Aristotle

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TOPICS
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  Again,toseeiftheindignantmanisjealous,askwhoeachofthemis:forthenitwillbeobviouswhetherthestatementistrueorfalse;e。g。ifheis’jealous’whogrievesatthesuccessesofthegood,andheis’indignant’whogrievesatthesuccessesoftheevil,thenclearlytheindignantmanwouldnotbejealous。Amanshouldsubstitutedefinitionsalsoforthetermscontainedinhisdefinitions,andnotstopuntilhecomestoafamiliarterm:foroftenifthedefinitionberenderedwhole,thepointatissueisnotclearedup,whereasifforoneofthetermsusedinthedefinitionadefinitionbestated,itbecomesobvious。

  Moreover,amanshouldmaketheproblemintoapropositionforhimself,andthenbringanegativeinstanceagainstit:forthenegativeinstancewillbeagroundofattackupontheassertion。

  Thisruleisverynearlythesameastheruletolookintocaseswhereapredicatehasbeenattributedordenieduniversally:butitdiffersintheturnoftheargument。

  Moreover,youshoulddefinewhatkindofthingsshouldbecalledasmostmencallthem,andwhatshouldnot。Forthisisusefulbothforestablishingandforoverthrowingaview:e。g。youshouldsaythatweoughttouseourtermstomeanthesamethingsasmostpeoplemeanbythem,butwhenweaskwhatkindofthingsareorarenotofsuchandsuchakind,weshouldnotheregowiththemultitude:e。g。

  itisrighttocall’healthy’whatevertendstoproducehealth,asdomostmen:butinsayingwhethertheobjectbeforeustendstoproducehealthornot,weshouldadoptthelanguagenolongerofthemultitudebutofthedoctor。

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