THE SCIENCE OF RIGHT

第3章

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第3章

THE SCIENCE OF RIGHT Immanual Kant

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THE SCIENCE OF RIGHT
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  Fromthedutythusindicated,therefurthernecessarilyarisestherightoftheparentstothemanagementandtrainingofthechild,solongasitisitselfincapableofmakingproperuseofitsbodyasanorganism,andofitsmindasanunderstanding。Thisinvolvesitsnourishmentandthecareofitseducation。Thisincludes,ingeneral,thefunctionofforminganddevelopingitpractically,thatitmaybeableinthefuturetomaintainandadvanceitself,andalsoitsmoralcultureanddevelopment,theguiltofneglectingitfallingupontheparents。Allthistrainingistobecontinuedtillthechildreachestheperiodofemancipation(emancipatio),astheageofpracticableself—support。Theparentsthenvirtuallyrenouncetheparentalrighttocommand,aswellasallclaimtorepaymentfortheirpreviouscareandtrouble;forwhichcareandtrouble,aftertheprocessofeducationiscomplete,theycanonlyappealtothechildren,bywayofanyclaim,onthegroundoftheobligationofgratitudeasadutyofvirtue。

  Fromthefactofpersonalityinthechildren,itfurtherfollowsthattheycanneverberegardedasthepropertyoftheparents,butonlyasbelongingtothembywayofbeingintheirpossession,likeotherthingsthatareheldapartfromthepossessionofallothersandthatcanbebroughtbackevenagainstthewillofthesubjects。

  Hencetherightoftheparentsisnotapurelyrealright,anditisnotalienable(juspersonalissimum)。Butneitherisitamerelypersonalright;itisapersonalrightofarealkind,thatis,apersonalrightthatisconstitutedandexercisedafterthemannerofarealright。

  Itisthereforeevidentthatthetitleofapersonalrightofarealkindmustnecessarilybeadded,inthescienceofright,tothetitlesofrealrightandpersonalright,thedivisionofrightsintothesetwobeingnotcomplete。For,iftherightoftheparentstothechildrenweretreatedasifitweremerelyarealrighttoapartofwhatbelongstotheirhouse,theycouldnotfoundonlyuponthedutyofthechildrentoreturntotheminclaimingthemwhentheyrunaway,buttheywouldbethenentitledtoseizethemandimpoundthemlikethingsorrunawaycattle。

  TITLEIII。HouseholdRight。(MasterandServant)

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