§408。
ii。InsanityInconsequenceoftheimmediacy，whichstillmarkstheself—feeling，i。e。inconsequenceoftheelementofcorporealitywhichisstillundetachedfromthementallife，andasthefeelingtooisitselfparticularandboundupwithaspecialcorporealform，itfollowsthatalthoughthesubjecthasbeenbroughttoacquireintelligentconsciousness，itisstillsusceptibleofdisease，sofarastoremainfastinaspecialphaseofitsself—feeling，unabletorefineitto’ideality’andgetthebetterofit。Thefullyfurnishedselfofintelligentconsciousnessisaconscioussubject，whichisconsistentinitselfaccordingtoanorderandbehaviourwhichfollowsfromitsindividualpositionanditsconnectionwiththeexternalworld，whichisnolessaworldoflaw。Butwhenitisengrossedwithasinglephaseoffeeling，itfailstoassignthatphaseitsproperplaceandduesubordinationintheindividualsystemoftheworldwhichaconscioussubjectis。Inthiswaythesubjectfindsitselfincontradictionbetweenthetotalitysystematizedinitsconsciousness，andthesinglephaseorfixedideawhichisnotreducedtoitsproperplaceandrank。ThisisInsanityormentalDerangement。
Inconsideringinsanitywemust，asinothercases，anticipatethefull—grownandintelligentconscioussubject，whichisatthesametimethenaturalselfofself—feeling。Insuchaphasetheselfcanbeliabletothecontradictionbetweenitsownfreesubjectivityandaparticularitywhich，insteadofbeing’idealized’intheformer，remainsasafixedelementinself—feeling。Mindassuchisfree，andthereforenotsusceptibleofthismalady。Butinoldermetaphysicsmindwastreatedasasoul，asathing;anditisonlyasathing，i。e。assomethingnaturalandexistent，thatitisliabletoinsanity—thesettledfixtureofsomefiniteelementinit。Insanityisthereforeapsychicaldisease，i。e。adiseaseofbodyandmindalike：thecommencementmayappeartostartfromtheonemorethantheother，andsoalsomaythecure。
Theself—possessedandhealthysubjecthasanactiveandpresentconsciousnessoftheorderedwholeofhisindividualworld，intothesystemofwhichhesubsumeseachspecialcontentofsensation，idea，desire，inclination，etc。，asitarises，soastoinsertthemintheirproperplace，Heisthedominantgeniusovertheseparticularities。Betweenthisandinsanitythedifferenceislikethatbetweenwakinganddreaming：onlythatininsanitythedreamfallswithinthewakinglimits，andsomakespartoftheactualself—feeling。Errorandthatsortofthingisapropositionconsistentlyadmittedtoaplaceintheobjectiveinterconnectionofthings。Intheconcrete，however，itisoftendifficulttosaywhereitbeginstobecomederangement。Aviolent，butgroundlessandsenselessoutburstofhatred，etc。，may，incontrasttoapresupposedhigherself—possessionandstabilityofcharacter，makeitsvictimseemtobebesidehimselfwithfrenzy。Butthemainpointinderangementisthecontradictionwhichafeelingwithafixedcorporealembodimentsetsupagainstthewholemassofadjustmentsformingtheconcreteconsciousness。Themindwhichisinaconditionofmerebeing，andwheresuchbeingisnotrenderedfluidinitsconsciousness，isdiseased。Thecontentswhicharesetfreeinthisreversiontomerenaturearetheself—seekingaffectionsoftheheart，suchasvanity，pride，andtherestofthepassions—fanciesandhopes—
merelypersonalloveandhatred。Whentheinfluenceofself—possessionandofgeneralprinciples，moralandtheoretical，isrelaxed，andceasestokeepthenaturaltemperunderlockandkey，the，earthlyelementsaresetfree—thatevilwhichisalwayslatentintheheart，becausetheheartasimmediateisnaturalandselfish。Itistheevilgeniusofmanwhichgainstheupperhandininsanity，butindistinctionfromandcontrasttothebetterandmoreintelligentpart，whichistherealso。