Memoirs of the Comtesse du Barry

第5章

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第5章

Memoirs of the Comtesse du Barry Charles H.Kerr Chicago

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Memoirs of the Comtesse du Barry
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  Moreover,thesefactorsthemselvesariseatagivenmoment,anditisnotuntillaterthattheyacquiredthatphysiognomywhichtheyhaveintheparticularnarration。ThisState,itiswellknown,aroseatagivenmoment。Asforeveryruleoflaw,itmayeitherberememberedorconjecturedthatitwentintoeffectundersuchorsuchcircumstances。Asformanycustoms,itmayberememberedthattheywereintroducedatagivenmoment;andthesimplestcomparisonsofthefactsindifferenttimesordifferentplaceswouldshowhowsociety,asawhole,andinitscharacterofbeinganaggregationofdifferentclasses,hadtakenandtookcontinuouslyvariousforms。

  Thereciprocalactionofthedifferentfactors,withoutwhichnoteventhesimplestnarrationwouldbepossible,likethemoreorlessexactinformationupontheoriginsandthevariationsofthefactorsthemselves,calledforresearchandthoughtmorethandidtheconstructivenarrationofthosegreathistorianswhoarerealartists。And,ineffect,theproblemswhicharisespontaneouslyfromthedataofhistory,combinedwithothertheoreticalelements,gavebirthtothedifferentso-calledpracticaldisciplines,whichinamoreorlessrapidfashionandwithvaryingsuccess,havedevelopedfromtheancientsuptoourdays,fromethicstothephilosophyoflaw,frompoliticstosociology,fromlawtoeconomics。

  Nowwiththeriseandformationofsomanydisciplines,throughtheinevitabledivisionoflabor,pointsofviewhavebeenmultipliedoutofallproportion。

  Itiscertainthatforthefirstandimmediateanalysisofthemultipleaspectsofthesocialcomplexus,alonglaborofpartialabstractionwasnecessary:

  whichhasalwaysinevitablyresultedinone-sidedviews。Thiscanbeshown,inaclearerandmoreevidentmannerthanforanyotherdomain,inthatoflawanditsvariousgeneralizations,includingthephilosophyoflaw。Byreasonoftheseabstractions,whichareinevitableinparticularandempiricalanalysis,andbytheeffectofthedivisionoflabor,thedifferentsidesanddifferentmanifestationsofthesocialcomplexuswere,fromtimetotime,fixedandstratifiedingeneralconceptionsandcategories。Theworks,theeffects,theemanations,theeffusionsofhumanactivity——law,economicforms,principlesofconduct,etc。,——were,sotospeak,translatedandtransformedintolaws,intoimperativesandintoprincipleswhichremainedplacedabovemanhimself。Andfromtimetotimeithasbeennecessarytodiscoveranewthissimpletruth:thattheonlypermanentandsurefact,thatistosay,theonlydatumfromwhichdepartsandtowhichreturnseverypracticaldetailofdiscipline,ismengroupedinadeterminedsocialformbymeansofdeterminedconnections。Thedifferentanalyticaldisciplines,whichillustratethefactsthatdevelopinhistory,havefinallygivenrisetotheneedofacommonandgeneralsocialscience,whichrenderspossibletheunificationofthehistoricprocessus,andthematerialisticdoctrinemarkspreciselythefinalterm,theapexofthisunification。

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