NorwasthereanotherFourierwaitinginhishouseatafixedhouryearafteryearforthe\"candidateofhumanity。\"Noragain，wasthereaninitiatorofanewlife，beginningwithartificialmeanstocreatethefirstnucleusofanassociationproposingtomakemanover，aswasthecasewithBeller，Owen，Cabet，andtheenterpriseoftheFourieritesinTexas，whichwasthetombofutopianism，markedbyasingularepitaph：thedumbnesswhichsucceededthefieryeloquenceofConsiderant。NeitheristherehereasectwhichretiresmodestlyandtimidlyfromtheworldinordertocelebrateinaclosedcircletheperfectideaofcommunismasinthesocialistcoloniesofAmerica。
Here，onthecontrary，inthedoctrineofcriticalcommunism，itissocietyasawholewhichatamomentofitsgeneralprocessdiscoversthecauseofitsdestinedcourseandatacriticalpointassertsitselftoproclaimthelawsofitsmovement。TheforesightindicatedbytheManifestowasnotchronological，itwasnotaprophecynorapromise，butamorphologicalprevision。
Beneaththenoiseofthepassionsoverwhichourdailyconversationextendsitself，beyondthevisiblemovementsofthepersonswhoformedthematerialatwhichthehistoriansstop，beyondthejuridicalandpoliticalapparelofourcivilsociety，farenoughfromthemeaningswhichreligionandartgivetolife，thereremains，growsanddevelopstheelementarystructureofsocietywhichsupportsalltherest。Theanatomicalstudyofthisunderlyingstructureiseconomics。Andashumansocietyhasseveraltimeschanged，partiallyorentirely，initsmostvisibleexteriorform，orinitsideological，religiousorartisticmanifestations，wemustfirstfindthecauseandthereasonofthesechanges，theonlyoneswhichhistoriansrelate，inthetransformationsmorehidden，andatfirstlessvisible，oftheeconomicprocessusofthisstructure。Wemustsetourselvestothestudyofthedifferenceswhichexistbetweenthevariousformsofproductionwhenwehavetodealwithhistoricepochsclearlydistinctandproperlydesignated；andwhenwehavetoexplainthesuccessionoftheseforms，thereplacingofonebytheother，wemuststudythecausesoferosion，andofthedestructionoftheformwhichdisappears；
andfinallywhenwewishtounderstandthehistoricfactdeterminedandconcrete，wemuststudythefrictionsandthecontrastswhichtaketheirrisefromthedifferentcurrents，thatistosay，classes，theirsubdivisionsandtheirintersectionswhichcharacterizeagivensociety。
WhentheManifestodeclaredthatallhistoryuptothepresenttimehasbeennothingbutthehistoryofclassstrugglesandthatthesearethecaseofallrevolutionsasalsoofallreactions，itdidtwothingsatthesametime，itgavetocommunismtheelementsofanewdoctrineandtothecommuniststheguidingthreadtodiscoverintheconfusedeventsofpoliticallifetheconditionsoftheunderlyingeconomicmovement。