Thosearetrivialcasesofalteration。Surgerycandobetterthingsthanthat。Thereisbuildingupaswellasbreakingdownandchanging。
Youhaveheard，perhaps，ofacommonsurgicaloperationresortedtoincaseswherethenosehasbeendestroyed：aflapofskiniscutfromtheforehead，turneddownonthenose，andhealsinthenewposition。
Thisisakindofgraftinginanewpositionofpartofananimaluponitself。Graftingoffreshlyobtainedmaterialfromanotheranimalisalsopossible，——thecaseofteeth，forexample。
Thegraftingofskinandboneisdonetofacilitatehealing：
thesurgeonplacesinthemiddleofthewoundpiecesofskinsnippedfromanotheranimal，orfragmentsofbonefromavictimfreshlykilled。