Essays in Radical Empiricism

第4章

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第4章

Essays in Radical Empiricism William James

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Essays in Radical Empiricism
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  Theattempt,ifanyoneshouldmakeit,tosortexperienceintotwoabsolutelydiscretegroups,withnothingbutinertnessinoneofthemandnothingbutactivitiesintheother,wouldthusreceiveonecheck。Itwouldreceiveanotherassoonasweexaminedthemoredistinctivelymentalgroup;forthoughinthatgroupitbetruethatthingsdonotactononeanotherbytheirphysicalpropertiesdonotdenteachotherorsetfiretoeachother,theyyetactoneachotherinthemostenergeticwaybythoseverycharacterswhicharesoinertextracorporeally。Itisbytheinterestandimportancethatexperienceshaveforus,bytheemotionstheyexcite,andthepurposestheysubserve,bytheiraffectivevalues,inshort,thattheirconsecutioninourseveralconsciousstreams,as’thoughts’ofours,ismainlyruled。Desireintroducesthem;interest152

  holdsthem;fitnessfixestheirorderandconnection。

  Ineedonlyreferforthisaspectofourmentallife,toWundt’sarticle’UeberpsychischeCausalitat,’whichbeginsVolumeX。ofhis_Philosophische_Studien_。(1)

  Itthusappearsthattheambiguousoramphibious_status_whichwefindourepithetsofvalueoccupyingisthemostnaturalthingintheworld。Itwould,however,beanunnaturalstatusifthepopularopinionwhichIcitedattheoutsetwerecorrect。If’physical’and’mental’meanttwodifferentkindsofintrinsicnature,immediately,intuitively,andinfalliblydiscernible,andeachfixedforeverinwhateverbitofexperienceitqualified,onedoesnotseehowtherecouldeverhavearisenanyroomfordoubtorambiguity。

  Butif,onthecontrary,thesewordsarewordsofsorting,ambiguityisnatural。Forthen,assoonastherelationsofathingaresufficientlyvariousitcanbesortedvariously。

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