ON SOPHISTICAL REFUTATIONS

第3章

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第3章

ON SOPHISTICAL REFUTATIONS W.A.Pickard—Cambridge

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ON SOPHISTICAL REFUTATIONS
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  Itisageneralruleindealingwithargumentsthatdependonlanguagethatthesolutionalwaysfollowstheoppositeofthepointonwhichtheargumentturns:e。g。iftheargumentdependsuponcombination,thenthesolutionconsistsindivision;ifupondivision,thenincombination。Again,ifitdependsonanacuteaccent,thesolutionisagraveaccent;ifonagraveaccent,itisanacute。Ifitdependsonambiguity,onecansolveitbyusingtheoppositeterm;e。g。ifyoufindyourselfcallingsomethinginanimate,despiteyourpreviousdenialthatitwasso,showinwhatsenseitisalive:

  if,ontheotherhand,onehasdeclaredittobeinanimateandthesophisthasprovedittobeanimate,sayhowitisinanimate。Likewisealsoinacaseofamphiboly。Iftheargumentdependsonlikenessofexpression,theoppositewillbethesolution。’Couldamangivewhathehasnotgot?’No,notwhathehasnotgot;buthecouldgiveitinawayinwhichhehasnotgotit,e。g。onediebyitself。’

  Doesamanknoweitherbylearningorbydiscoveryeachthingthatheknows,singly?butnotthethingsthatheknows,collectively。’

  Alsoamantreads,perhaps,onanythinghewalksthrough,butnotonthetimehewalksthrough。Likewisealsointhecaseoftheotherexamples。

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