Herethenaretheadvantagesoffreestates。Thougharepublicshouldbebarbarous，itnecessarily，byaninfallibleoperation，givesrisetoLaw，evenbeforemankindhavemadeanyconsiderableadvancesintheothersciences。Fromlawarisessecurity：Fromsecuritycuriosity：Andfromcuriosityknowledge。
Thelatterstepsofthisprogressmaybemoreaccidental；buttheformerarealtogethernecessary。Arepublicwithoutlawscanneverhaveanyduration。Onthecontrary，inamonarchicalgovernment，lawarisesnotnecessarilyfromtheformsofgovernment。Monarchy，whenabsolute，containsevensomethingrepugnanttolaw。Greatwisdomandreflectioncanalonereconcilethem。Butsuchadegreeofwisdomcanneverbeexpected，beforethegreaterrefinementsandimprovementsofhumanreason。Theserefinementsrequirecuriosity，security，andlaw。The
growth，therefore，oftheartsandsciencescanneverbeexpectedindespoticgovernments。
Thereareothercauses，whichdiscouragetheriseoftherefinedartsindespoticgovernments；thoughItakethewantoflaws，andthedelegationoffullpowerstoeverypettymagistrate，tobetheprincipal。Eloquencecertainlyspringsupmorenaturallyinpopulargovernments：Emulationtooineveryaccomplishmentmusttherebemoreanimatedandenlivened：Andgeniusandcapacityhaveafullerscopeandcareer。Allthesecausesrenderfreegovernmentstheonlyproperfortheartsandsciences。
Thenextobservation，whichIshallmakeonthishead，is，。Theemulation，whichnaturallyarisesamongthoseneighbouringstates，isanobvioussourceofimprovement：ButwhatIwouldchieflyinsistonisthestop，whichsuchlimitedterritoriesgivebothtoandto。