An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision

第3章

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第3章

An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision George Berkeley

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An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision
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  127。Ithavingbeenshewnthattherearenoabstractideasoffigure,andthatitisimpossibleforusbyanyprecisionofthoughttoframeanideaofextensionseparatefromallothervisibleandtangiblequalitieswhichshallbecommonbothtosightandtouch:thequestionnowremainingis,whethertheparticularextensions,figures,andmotionsperceivedbysightbeofthesamekindwiththeparticularextensions,figures,andmotionsperceivedbytouch?InanswertowhichIshallventuretolaydownthefollowingproposition:Theextension,figures,andmotionsperceivedbysightarespecificallydistinctfromtheideasoftouchcalledbythesamenames,noristhereanysuchthingasoneideaorkindofideacommontobothsenses。Thispropositionmaywithoutmuchdifficultybecollectedfromwhathathbeensaidinseveralplacesofthisessay。

  Butbecauseitseemssoremotefrom,andcontraryto,thereceivednotionsandsettledopinionofmankind,Ishallattempttodemonstrateitmoreparticularlyandatlargebythefollowingarguments。

  128。WhenuponperceptionofanideaIrangeitunderthisorthatsort,itisbecauseitisperceivedafterthesamemanner,orbecauseithasalikenessorconformitywith,oraffectsmeinthesamewayas,theideasofthesortIrankitunder。Inshort,itmustnotbeentirelynew,buthavesomethinginitoldandalreadyperceivedbyme。Itmust,Isay,havesomuchatleastincommonwiththeideasIhavebeforeknownandnamedastomakemegiveitthesamenamewiththem。Butithasbeen,ifImistakenot,clearlymadeoutthatamanbornblindwouldnotatfirstreceptionofhissightthinkthethingshesawwereofthesamenaturewiththeobjectsoftouch,orhadanythingincommonwiththem;butthattheywereanewsetofideas,perceivedinanewmanner,andentirelydifferentfromallhehadeverperceivedbefore:sothathewouldnotcallthembythesamename,norreputethemtobeofthesamesortwithanythinghehadhithertoknown。

  129。Secondly,lightandcoloursareallowedbyalltoconstituteasonorspeciesentirelydifferentfromtheideasoftouch:norwillanyman,Ipresume,saytheycanmakethemselvesperceivedbythatsense:butthereisnootherimmediateobjectofsightbesideslightandcolours。

  Itisthereforeadirectconsequencethatthereisnoideacommontobothsenses。

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