Jeremy Bentham

第23章

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第23章

Jeremy Bentham Leslie Stephen

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Jeremy Bentham
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  Stewartconsidershimselftobeaninductivephilosopherappealingfranklytoexperienceandreason;andwasinpracticeamanofthoroughlyliberalandgenerousfeelings。Hewasheartilyinfavourofprogressasheunderstoodit。Onlyhewillnotsacrificecommonsense;thatistosay,thebeliefswhichareinfactprevalentandcongenialtoexistinginstitutions。Commonsense,ofcourse,condemnsextremes:andiflogicseemstobepushingamantowardsscepticisminphilosophyorrevolutioninpractice,hecanalwaysprotestbytheconvenientdeviceofintuitions。

  IhavegonesofarinordertoillustratethenatureofthesystemwhichtheUtilitarianstooktobetheantithesisoftheirown。ItmaybefinallyremarkedthatatpresentbothsideswereequallyignorantofcontemporarydevelopmentsofGermanthought。WhenStewartbecameawarethattherewassuchathingasKant’sphilosophy,hetriedtoreaditinaLatinversion。

  Parr,Imayobserve,apparentlydidnotknowofthisversion,andgaveupthetaskofreadingGerman。Stewart’sexamplewasnotencouraging。Hehadabandonedthe’undertakingindespair’partlyfromthescholasticbarbarismofthestyle,partly’myutterinabilitytocomprehendtheauthor’smeaning。’

  HerecognisessimilaritybetweenKantandReid,butthinksReid’ssimplestatementofthefactthatspacecannotbederivedfromthesensesmorephilosophicalthanKant’s’superstructureoftechnicalmystery。’57*

  IhavedweltuponthesideinwhichStewart’sphilosophyapproximatestotheempiricalschool,becausetheUtilitarianswereapttomisconceivetheposition。TheytookStewarttobetheadequaterepresentativeofallwhoacceptedonebranchofaninevitabledilemma。Theacceptanceof’intuitions,’

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