Theguardians，itwasassumed，couldalwaysfind’work，’andtheyweretorelievetheable-bodiedwithoutapplyingtheworkhousetest。Theact，readilyadopted，thusbecamealandmarkinthegrowthoflaxity。13*
Attheendofthecenturyarapiddevelopmentofpauperismhadtakenplace。
Theexpense，asEdenhadtocomplain，haddoubledintwentyyears。Thistookplacesimultaneouslywiththegreatdevelopmentofmanufactures。Itisnotperhapssurprising，thoughitmaybemelancholy，thatincreaseofwealthshallbeaccompaniedbyincreaseofpauperism。Wheretherearemanyrichmen，therewillbeabetterfieldforthievesandbeggars。Alifeofdependencebecomeseasierthoughitneednotnecessarilybeadopted。Whatevermayhavebeentherelationofthetwophenomena，thesocialrevolutionmadetheoldsocialarrangementsmoreinadequate。greataggregationsofworkmenwereformedintowns，whichwerestillonlyvillagesinalegalsense。Fluctuationsoftrade，duetowarorspeculation，broughtdistresstotheimprovident；andtheoldassumptionthateverymanhadaproperplaceinasmallcircle，wherehisneighboursknewallabouthim，wasfurtherthaneverfrombeingverified。
Onepainfulresultwasalreadybeginningtoshowitself。Neglectedchildreningreattownshadalreadyexcitedcompassion。ThomasCoram1668?-1751
hadbeenshockedbythesightofdyingchildrenexposedinthestreetsofLondon，andsucceededinestablishingtheFoundlingHospitalfoundedin1742。In1762，JonasHanway1712-1786obtainedalawforboardingoutchildrenbornwithinthebillsofmortality。Thedemandforchildren’slabour，producedbythefactories，seemednaturallyenoughtoofferabetterchanceforextendingsuchcharities。Unfortunatelyamongthepeoplewhotookadvantageofitwereparishofficials，eagertogetchildrenofftheirhands，andmanufacturersconcernedonlytomakemoneyoutofchildishlabour。HencearosetheshamefulsystemforwhichremediesasIshallhavetonoticehadtobesoughtinalatergeneration。