John Stuart Mill

第23章

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第23章

John Stuart Mill Leslie Stephen

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John Stuart Mill
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  91。Somewriters,especiallyG。H。Lewes,havetriedtomaintainthatthestatementoftheuniformityofNatureisan’identicalproposition。’Theattemptisunsatisfactory,andcertainlydoesnotseemtohavefoundfavourwithlaterwriters;but,thoughI

  amunabletodiscussthequestion,Iwillsuggestthatitseemstoindicatetheidealresultofreasoning。Weassumethat,ifourknowledgewerecomplete,wecouldstateallthelawsofactionandreactionofanyelementasnecessaryconsequencesofitsprimitiveconstitution,aswecandeduceallthepropertiesofnumberandspacefromprimaryprinciples。Thoughwecanneverattainsuchaconsummation,wecanrejectanytheorywhichcontradictsit,and,therefore,suchdoctrinesasthe’pluralityofcauses,’whichcometosupposingthatanidenticalprocessmaybeanalysedintwoinconsistentways。

  92。E。g。,byMrF。H。BradleyinhisPrinciplesofLogic1883,pp。329-42。DrVenn,whoismuchmorefavourabletoMill,discussestheminhisEmpiricalorInductiveLogic1889,pp。

  400-31,showsveryclearlyhowtheyassumewhathecallsthe’popular’,asdistinguishedfromthe’rigidlyscientific’,viewofcausation。Elsewherep。58heremarksthatthepopularmightbecalledthe’Brown-Herschel-Millview,’asthosewriterspopularisedthedoctrinefirstclearlysetforthbyHume。SeealsoSigwart’sLogik1889,ii。469-500。

  93。Logic,p。284bk。iii。ch。ix。section6。

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