John Stuart Mill

第15章

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第15章

John Stuart Mill Leslie Stephen

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John Stuart Mill
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  couldeveracquireany’experience’atall。SowhenMillsaysthattheburthenofproofrestswiththeintuitionist,heis,nodoubt,quiterightinthrowingtheburthenofproofuponthinkerswhosupposeparticulardoctrinestohavebeensomehowinsertedintothefabricofknowledgewithoutanyrelationtoothertruths;butitissurelynotagratuitousassumptionthatthemindwhichcombinesexperiencemusthavesomekindofpropertiesaswellasthethingscombined。Ifitknowsno’truths’exceptfromexperience,itisatleastpossiblethatitmayinsomewayreactuponthegivenexperience。This,atanyrate,shouldbeMill’sview,whotakes’mind’and’body’tobeunknowable,andallknowledgeoffacttobeacombinationof’sensations。’Heonlyrequirestoadmitthatknowledgemaybeincreasedeitherbyvaryingthedataorbyvaryingthemind’sactionuponfixeddata。

  Inneithercasedowegetbeyond’experience。’Inmanyplaces,Millseemstointerprethisviewinconsistencywiththisdoctrine。Hisinvariablecandourleadshimtomakeadmissions,someofwhichIhavenoticed。Yethisprepossessionsleadhimtothesuperfluousparadoxeswhich,fortherest,hemaintainswithremarkablevigourandingenuity。

  Oneotherdeviceoftheenemyraisedthetroublesomequestionofinconceivabilityasatestoftruth,whichbroughtMillintoconflictnotonlywithWhewellandHamilton,butwithMrHerbertSpencer。IwillonlynoticethecuriousillustrationwhichitaffordsofMill’stendencytoconfoundstatementsoffactwiththepurelylogicalassertionthattwomodesofstatingafactarepreciselyequivalent。TheexistenceofAntipodeans,inhisfavouriteillustration,55*wasdeclaredtobe’inconceivable。’

  Disbeliefintheirexistenceinvolvedthestatementoffact:

  gravityactshereandattheAntipodesinthesamedirection。

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