John Stuart Mill

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第10章

John Stuart Mill Leslie Stephen

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John Stuart Mill
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  Ontheotherhand,hehasinthehighestdegreethepowerofsingle-mindeddevotion,whichispre-eminently,thoughnotexclusively,afemininequality。Hisintellectfittedhimforabstractspeculation,ratherthanforimmediatepracticalapplications。Buthewasfromhisyouthupwardsdevotedtothespreadofprincipleswhichheheldtobeessentialtohumanhappiness。Nophilanthropistorreligiousteachercouldlabourmoreenergeticallyandunremittinglyforthegoodofmankind。Heneverforgetsthebearingofhisspeculationsuponthisultimateend。Whateverhislimitations,hebroughtthewholeenergyofasingularlyclear,comprehensive,andcandidintellecttobearuponthegreatestproblemsofhistime;andworkedatthemwithunflaggingindustryformanyyears。Hewaseminentlyqualifiedtobringoutthereallystrongpointsofhiscreed;whilehisperfectintellectualhonestyforcedhimfranklytodisplayitsweakerside。ThroughMillEnglishUtilitarianismgavethefullestaccountofitsmethodanditspresuppositions。Insummarisinghiswork,ImustdwelllessthanIhavehithertodoneuponsurroundingconditions;andtakehisbooks,nearlyintheorderofpublication,asrepresentingthefinaloutcomeofUtilitarianism。HevirtuallyanswersintheLogicthequestion,whataretheultimateprinciplesbywhichtheUtilitarianshadmoreorlessunconsciouslybeenguided。Ishallfirstdealwiththis。IshallthentakehisPoliticalEconomy,asshowinghowtheseprinciplesappliedtosociology,whichought,uponhisshowing,tobethecrowningscience。ThenIshalltakethepoliticalspeculations,whichareafurtherapplicationofthesameprinciples;and,finally,dealwithhisviewsinethicsandinphilosophygenerally。

  NOTES:

  1。Mill’sAutobiography1873isthemainauthority。ProfessorBain’sJohnStuartMill:aCriticismwithPersonalRecollections1882,isanecessarysupplement,andgivesanexcellentsummary。ThemostinterestinglaterpublicationsarethecorrespondencewithGustaved’Eichthal1898andthecorrespondencewithComte。Comte’sletterswerepublishedbythePositivistSocietyin1877,andthewholeeditedbyM。L関y-Bruhlin1899。TheMemoriesofOldFriends,byCarolineFox1882,givessomeinterestingaccountsofMill’sconversationin1840,etc。

  2。Bentham’sWorks,x,472。

  3。Cf。letterof30thJuly,1819inBain’sJ。S。Mill,pp。6to9。

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