ThenewKingofanewkingdomenteredFlorenceonthe12thofApril1801;
butthereceptiongivenhimbytheTuscanswasnotatallsimilartowhathehadexperiencedatParis.ThepeoplereceivedtheroyalpairassovereignsimposedonthembyFrance.TheephemeralkingdomofEtrurialastedscarcelysixyears.TheKingdiedin1803，intheflowerofhisage，andin1807theQueenwasexpelledfromherthronebyhimwhohadconstructeditforher.
AtthisperiodapowerfulpartyurgedBonapartetobreakwiththePope，andtoestablishaGallicanChurch，theheadofwhichshouldresideinFrance.TheythoughttoflatterhisambitionbyindicatingtohimanewsourceofpowerwhichmightestablishapointofcomparisonbetweenhimandthefirstRomanemperors.Buthisideasdidnotcoincidewiththeirsonthissubject.\"Iamconvinced，\"saidhe，\"thatapartofFrancewouldbecomeProtestant，especiallyifIweretofavourthatdisposition.
IamalsocertainthatthemuchgreaterportionwouldremainCatholic，andwouldoppose，withthegreatestzealandfervour，theschismofapartoftheirfellow—citizens.Idreadthereligiousquarrels，thefamilydissensions，andthepublicdistractions，whichsuchastateofthingswouldinevitablyoccasion.In，revivingareligionwhichhasalwaysprevailedinthecountry，andwhichstillprevailsintheheartsofthepeople，andingivingthelibertyofexercisingtheirworshiptotheminority，Ishallsatisfyeveryone.\"
TheFirstConsul，takingasuperiorviewofthestateofFrance，consideredthatthere—establishmentofreligiousworshipwouldproveapowerfulsupporttohisGovernment：andhehadbeenoccupiedeversincethecommencementof1801inpreparingaConcordatwiththePope.ItwassignedinthemonthofJulyinthesameyear.Itrequiredsometimetoenablethepartiestocometoanunderstandingonthesubject.