Sixthly，whereastocertainactionstherebeannexedbynaturediversehurtfulconsequences；aswhenamaninassaultinganotherishimselfslainorwounded；orwhenhefallethintosicknessbythedoingofsomeunlawfulact；suchhurt，thoughinrespectofGod，whoistheauthorofnature，itmaybesaidtobeinflicted，andthereforeapunishmentdivine；yetitisnotcontainedinthenameofpunishmentinrespectofmen，becauseitisnotinflictedbytheauthorityofman。
Seventhly，iftheharminflictedbelessthanthebenefitofcontentmentthatnaturallyfolloweththecrimecommitted，thatharmisnotwithinthedefinitionandisratherthepriceorredemptionthanthepunishmentofacrime：becauseitisofthenatureofpunishmenttohaveforendthedisposingofmentoobeythelaw；whichendifitbelessthanthebenefitofthetransgressionitattainethnot，butworkethacontraryeffect。
Eighthly，ifapunishmentbedeterminedandprescribedinthelawitself，andafterthecrimecommittedtherebeagreaterpunishmentinflicted，theexcessisnotpunishment，butanactofhostility。
Forseeingtheaimofpunishmentisnotarevenge，butterror；andtheterrorofagreatpunishmentunknownistakenawaybythedeclarationofaless，theunexpectedadditionisnopartofthepunishment。Butwherethereisnopunishmentatalldeterminedbythelaw，therewhatsoeverisinflictedhaththenatureofpunishment。Forhethatgoesabouttheviolationofalaw，whereinnopenaltyisdetermined，expectethanindeterminate，thatistosay，anarbitrarypunishment。
Ninthly，harminflictedforafactdonebeforetherewasalawthatforbadeitisnotpunishment，butanactofhostility：forbeforethelaw，thereisnotransgressionofthelaw：butpunishmentsupposethafactjudgedtohavebeenatransgressionofthelaw；