Ifamanbeinterrogatedbythesovereign,orhisauthority,concerningacrimedonebyhimself,heisnotboundwithoutassuranceofpardontoconfessit;becausenoman,asIhaveshowninthesamechapter,canbeobligedbycovenanttoaccusehimself。
Again,theconsentofasubjecttosovereignpoweriscontainedinthesewords,“Iauthorise,ortakeuponme,allhisactions“;inwhichthereisnorestrictionatallofhisownformernaturalliberty:
forbyallowinghimtokillme,Iamnotboundtokillmyselfwhenhecommandsme。Itisonethingtosay,“Killme,ormyfellow,ifyouplease“;anotherthingtosay,“Iwillkillmyself,ormyfellow。“
Itfolloweth,therefore,thatNomanisboundbythewordsthemselves,eithertokillhimselforanyotherman;andconsequently,thattheobligationamanmaysometimeshave,uponthecommandofthesovereign,toexecuteanydangerousordishonourableoffice,dependethnotonthewordsofoursubmission,butontheintention;whichistobeunderstoodbytheendthereof。Whenthereforeourrefusaltoobeyfrustratestheendforwhichthesovereigntywasordained,thenthereisnolibertytorefuse;otherwise,thereis。
Uponthisgroundamanthatiscommandedasasoldiertofightagainsttheenemy,thoughhissovereignhaverightenoughtopunishhisrefusalwithdeath,mayneverthelessinmanycasesrefuse,withoutinjustice;aswhenhesubstitutethasufficientsoldierinhisplace:forinthiscasehedesertethnottheserviceoftheCommonwealth。Andthereisallowancetobemadefornaturaltimorousness,notonlytowomenofwhomnosuchdangerousdutyisexpected,butalsotomenoffemininecourage。Whenarmiesfight,thereisononeside,orboth,arunningaway;yetwhentheydoitnotoutoftreachery,butfear,theyarenotesteemedtodoitunjustly,butdishonourably。Forthesamereason,toavoidbattleisnotinjustice,butcowardice。Buthethatenrollethhimselfasoldier,ortakethimpressedmoney,takethawaytheexcuseofatimorousnature,andisobliged,notonlytogotothebattle,butalsonottorunfromitwithouthiscaptain’sleave。AndwhenthedefenceoftheCommonwealthrequirethatoncethehelpofallthatareabletobeararms,everyoneisobliged;becauseotherwisetheinstitutionoftheCommonwealth,whichtheyhavenotthepurposeorcouragetopreserve,wasinvain。