Letters on the Study and Use of History

第30章

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第30章

Letters on the Study and Use of History Henry St。 John

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  separation,andcertainlyinamuchbetterconditionthantwoorthreeyearsbefore,whenadelugeofbloodwasspilttodislodgethem,forwedidnomore,atMalplaquet。WouldtheGermansandtheDutchhavefounditmoreeasytoforcethematthistime,thanitwasatthat?WouldnottheFrenchhavefoughtwithasmuchobstinacytosaveParis,astheydidtosaveMons?and,withalltheregardduetotheDukeofOrmond,andtoprinceEugene,wastheabsenceoftheDukeofMarlboroughofnoconsequence?Turnthisaffaireverywayinyourthoughts,mylord,andyouwillfindthattheGermansandtheDutchhadnothingintheirs,buttobreak,atanyrate,andatanyrisk,thenegotiationsthatwerebegun,andtoreduceGreatBritaintothenecessityofcontinuing,whatshehadbeentoolong,aprovinceoftheconfederacy。Aprovince,indeed,andnotoneofthebesttreated;sincetheconfederatesassumedarightofobliginghertokeepherpactswiththem,andofdispensingwiththeirobligationstoher;ofexhaustingher,withoutrule,orproportion,ormeasure,inthesupportofawar,towhichshealonecontributedmorethanallofthem,andinwhichshehadnolongeranimmediateinterest,norevenanyremoteinterestthatwasnotcommon,orwithrespecttoher,verydubious;and,afterallthis,ofcomplainingthatthequeenpresumedtohearkentooverturesofpeace,andtosetanegotiationonfoot,whilsttheirhumorandambitionrequiredthatthewarshouldbeprolongedforanindefinitetime,andforapurposethatwaseitherbadorindeterminate。

  Thesuspensionofarms,thatbeganintheLowCountries,wascontinued,andextendedafterwardsbytheactIsignedatFontainebleu。Thefortuneofthewarturnedatthesametime;andallthosedisgracesfollowed,whichobligedtheDutchtotreat,andtodesiretheassistanceofthequeen,whomtheyhadsetatdefiancesolately。Theassistancetheyhad,aseffectuallyasitcouldbegiveninthecircumstancestowhichtheyhadreducedthemselves,andthewholealliance:andthepeaceofGreatBritain,Portugal,Savoy,Prussia,andtheStatesGeneral,wasmade,withouthisImperialmajesty’sconcurrence,inthespringofonethousandsevenhundredandthirteen;asitmighthavebeenmade,muchmoreadvantageouslyforthemall,inthatofonethousandsevenhundredandtwelve。Lessobstinacyonthepartofthestates,andperhapsmoredecisiveresolutionsonthepartofthequeen,wouldhavewoundupallthesedividedthreadsinone,andhavefinishedthisgreatworkmuchsoonerandbetter。Isay,perhapsmoredecisiveresolutionsonthepartofthequeen,becausealthoughIthinkthatIshouldhaveconveyedherordersforsigningatreatyofpeacewithFrance,beforethearmiestookthefield,muchmorewillingly,thanIexecutedthemafterwardsinsigningthatofthecessationofarms;yetIdonotpresumetodecide,butshalldesireyourlordshiptodoso,onareviewofallcircumstances,someofwhichIshalljustmention。

  Theleaguemadeforprotractingthewarhavingopposedthequeentotheutmostoftheirpower,andbymeansofeverysort,fromthefirstappearanceofanegotiation;thegeneraleffectofthisviolentopposition,onherandherministers,was,tomakethemproceedbyslowerandmorecautioussteps;

  theparticulareffectofitwas,toobligethemtoopentheeyesofthenation,andtoinflamethepeoplewithadesireofpeace,byshowing,inthemostpublicandsolemnmanner,howunequallywewereburdened,andhowunfairlyweweretreatedbyourallies。Thefirstgaveanairofdiffidenceandtimiditytotheirconduct,whichencouragedtheleague,andgavevigortotheopposition。

  ThesecondirritatedtheDutchparticularly;fortheemperorandtheotherallieshadthemodestyatleastnottopretendtobearanyproportionintheexpenseofthewar:andthusthetwopowers,whoseunionwasthemostessential,werethemostatvariance,andthequeenwasobligedtoactinacloserconcertwithherenemywhodesiredpeace,thanshewouldhavedoneifherallieshadbeenlessobstinatelybenttoprotractthewar。Duringthesetransactions,myLordOxford,whohadhiscorrespondencesapart,andaprivatethreadofnegotiationalwaysinhishands,entertainedhopesthatPhilipwouldbebroughttoabandonSpaininfavorofhisfather-in-law,andtocontenthimselfwiththestatesofthatprince,thekingdomofSicily,andthepreservationofhisrightofsuccessiontothecrownofFrance。Whethermylordhadanyparticularreasonsforentertainingthesehopes,besidethegeneralreasonsfoundedontheconditionofFrance,onthatoftheBourbonfamily,andonthedispositionofLouistheFourteenth,Idoubtverymuch。

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