LAWS

第19章

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第19章

LAWS Plato

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  Andofthisthereasonissaidtohavebeenasfollows:-Cronosknewwhatweourselvesweredeclaring,thatnohumannatureinvestedwithsupremepowerisabletoorderhumanaffairsandnotoverflowwithinsolenceandwrong。Whichreflectionledhimtoappointnotmenbutdemigods,whoareofahigherandmoredivinerace,tobethekingsandrulersofourcities;hedidaswedowithflocksofsheepandothertameanimals。Forwedonotappointoxentobethelordsofoxen,orgoatsofgoats;butweourselvesareasuperiorrace,andruleoverthem。InlikemannerGod,inhisloveofmankind,placedoverusthedemons,whoareasuperiorrace,andtheywithgreatcaseandpleasuretothemselves,andnolesstous,takingcareusandgivinguspeaceandreverenceandorderandjusticeneverfailing,madethetribesofmenhappyandunited。Andthistradition,whichistrue,declaresthatcitiesofwhichsomemortalmanandnotGodistheruler,havenoescapefromevilsandtoils。StillwemustdoallthatwecantoimitatethelifewhichissaidtohaveexistedinthedaysofCronos,and,asfarastheprincipleofimmortalitydwellsinus,tothatwemusthearken,bothinprivateandpubliclife,andregulateourcitiesandhousesaccordingtolaw,meaningbytheveryterm“law,“thedistributionofmind。Butifeitherasinglepersonoranoligarchyorademocracyhasasouleagerafterpleasuresanddesires-wantingtobefilledwiththem,yetretainingnoneofthem,andperpetuallyafflictedwithanendlessandinsatiabledisorder;andthisevilspirit,havingfirsttrampledthelawsunderfoot,becomesthemastereitherofastateorofanindividual-then,asIwassaying,salvationishopeless。Andnow,Cleinias,wehavetoconsiderwhetheryouwillorwillnotacceptthistaleofmine。

  Cle。Certainlywewill。

  Ath。Youareaware-areyounot?-thatthereareofsaidtobeasmanyformsoflawsasthereareofgovernments,andofthelatterwehavealreadymentionedallthosewhicharecommonlyrecognized。Nowyoumustregardthisasamatteroffirst-rateimportance。Forwhatistobethestandardofjustandunjust,isoncemorethepointatissue。Mensaythatthelawoughtnottoregardeithermilitaryvirtue,orvirtueingeneral,butonlytheinterestsandpowerandpreservationoftheestablishedformofgovernment;thisisthoughtbythemtobethebestwayofexpressingthenaturaldefinitionofjustice。

  Cle。How?

  Ath。Justiceissaidbythemtobetheinterestofthestronger。

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