WALDEN

第10章

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第10章

WALDEN Henry David Thoreau

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WALDEN
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  TheJesuitswerequitebalkedbythoseIndianswho,beingburnedatthestake,suggestednewmodesoftorturetotheirtormentors。

  Beingsuperiortophysicalsuffering,itsometimeschancedthattheyweresuperiortoanyconsolationwhichthemissionariescouldoffer;

  andthelawtodoasyouwouldbedonebyfellwithlesspersuasivenessontheearsofthosewho,fortheirpart,didnotcarehowtheyweredoneby,wholovedtheirenemiesafteranewfashion,andcameverynearfreelyforgivingthemalltheydid。

  Besurethatyougivethepoortheaidtheymostneed,thoughitbeyourexamplewhichleavesthemfarbehind。Ifyougivemoney,spendyourselfwithit,anddonotmerelyabandonittothem。Wemakecuriousmistakessometimes。Oftenthepoormanisnotsocoldandhungryasheisdirtyandraggedandgross。Itispartlyhistaste,andnotmerelyhismisfortune。Ifyougivehimmoney,hewillperhapsbuymoreragswithit。IwaswonttopitytheclumsyIrishlaborerswhocuticeonthepond,insuchmeanandraggedclothes,whileIshiveredinmymoretidyandsomewhatmorefashionablegarments,till,onebittercoldday,onewhohadslippedintothewatercametomyhousetowarmhim,andIsawhimstripoffthreepairsofpantsandtwopairsofstockingserehegotdowntotheskin,thoughtheyweredirtyandraggedenough,itistrue,andthathecouldaffordtorefusetheextragarmentswhichIofferedhim,hehadsomanyintraones。Thisduckingwastheverythingheneeded。ThenIbegantopitymyself,andIsawthatitwouldbeagreatercharitytobestowonmeaflannelshirtthanawholeslop-shoponhim。Thereareathousandhackingatthebranchesofeviltoonewhoisstrikingattheroot,anditmaybethathewhobestowsthelargestamountoftimeandmoneyontheneedyisdoingthemostbyhismodeoflifetoproducethatmiserywhichhestrivesinvaintorelieve。Itisthepiousslave-breederdevotingtheproceedsofeverytenthslavetobuyaSunday’slibertyfortherest。Someshowtheirkindnesstothepoorbyemployingthemintheirkitchens。Wouldtheynotbekinderiftheyemployedthemselvesthere?Youboastofspendingatenthpartofyourincomeincharity;maybeyoushouldspendtheninetenthsso,anddonewithit。Societyrecoversonlyatenthpartofthepropertythen。Isthisowingtothegenerosityofhiminwhosepossessionitisfound,ortotheremissnessoftheofficersofjustice?

  Philanthropyisalmosttheonlyvirtuewhichissufficientlyappreciatedbymankind。Nay,itisgreatlyoverrated;anditisourselfishnesswhichoverratesit。Arobustpoorman,onesunnydayhereinConcord,praisedafellow-townsmantome,because,ashesaid,hewaskindtothepoor;meaninghimself。Thekindunclesandauntsoftheracearemoreesteemedthanitstruespiritualfathersandmothers。IonceheardareverendlectureronEngland,amanoflearningandintelligence,afterenumeratingherscientific,literary,andpoliticalworthies,Shakespeare,Bacon,Cromwell,Milton,Newton,andothers,speaknextofherChristianheroes,whom,asifhisprofessionrequireditofhim,heelevatedtoaplacefarabovealltherest,asthegreatestofthegreat。TheywerePenn,Howard,andMrs。Fry。Everyonemustfeelthefalsehoodandcantofthis。ThelastwerenotEngland’sbestmenandwomen;

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