butitisuncalledfor。Wedonotcaretohearaboutwhatthedespotmighthavedone。Weknowwhathediddo，andtherecordissufficientlydamning。ThereisnoharminourgivingtheDevilhisdue，orasLlorentewittilysays，“Ilnefautpascalomniermemel’Inquisition。“
Philipinheritedallhisfather’sbadqualities，withoutanyofhisgoodones；andsoitismucheasiertojudgehimthanhisfather。Charles，indeed，isoneofthosecharacterswhomonehardlyknowswhethertoloveorhate，toadmireordespise。Hehadmuchbadbloodinhim。CharlestheBoldandFerdinandofAragonwerenotgrandparentstobeproudof。YetwithallthisheinheritedfromhisgrandmotherIsabellamuchthatonecanlike，andhisface，aspreservedbyTitian，inspiteofitsfrowningbrowandthickBurgundianlip，isratherprepossessing，whilethefaceofPhilipissimplyodious。Inintellecthemustprobablybecalledgreat，thoughhispolicyoftenbetrayedthepettinessofselfishness。If，incomparisonwiththemediaevalemperorwhosefameheenvied，hemayjustlybecalledCharlestheLittle，hemaystill，whencomparedtoamoremodernemulatorofCharlemagne，——thefirstoftheBonapartes，——beconsideredgreatandenlightened。Ifhecouldlieandcheatmoreconsummatelythananycontemporarymonarch，notexceptinghisrival，Francis，hecouldstillbegrandlymagnanimous，whilethegenerosityofFrancisflowedonlyfromtheshallowsurfaceofamaudlingood-nature。Hespokemanylanguagesandhadthetastesofascholar，whilehissonhadonlytheinclinationsofanunfeelingpedagogue。Hehadaninklingofurbanity，andcouldinameasurebecomeallthingstoallmen，whilePhilipcouldnevershowhimselfexceptasagloomy，impracticablebigot。Itisforsomesuchreasonsasthese，Isuppose，thatMr。Buckle——nofriendtodespots——speakswellofCharles，andthatMr。Froudeismovedtotellthefollowinganecdote:WhilestandingbythegraveofLuther，andmusingoverthestrangecareerofthegiantmonkwhoseteachingshadgonesofartowreckhismostcherishedschemesandrenderhislifeafailure，somefanaticalbystanderadvisedtheEmperortohavethebodytakenupandburnedinthemarket-place。“Therewasnothing，“saysMr。Froude，“unusualintheproposal；itwasthecommonpracticeoftheCatholicChurchwiththeremainsofheretics，whowereheldunworthytobeleftinreposeinhallowedground。Therewasscarcely，perhapsanotherCatholicprincewhowouldhavehesitatedtocomply。ButCharleswasoneofnature’sgentlemen。Heanswered，’Iwarnotwiththedead。’“Mr。MotleytakesalesscharitableviewofthegreatEmperor。Hisgenerousindignationagainstallpersecutorsmakeshimsevere；andinoneofhisearliervolumes，whilespeakingofthefamousedictsforthesuppressionofheresyintheNetherlands，hesomewhereusestheword“murder。“Withoutattemptingtopalliatethecrimeofpersecution，IdoubtifitisquitefairtoCharlestocallhimamurderer。Wemustnotforgetthatpersecution，nowrightlydeemedanatrociouscrime，wasoncereallyconsideredbysomepeopleasacredduty；thatitwasnoneotherthanthecompassionateIsabellawhoestablishedtheSpanishInquisition；andthatthe“bloody“MaryTudorwasawomanwhowouldnotwilfullyhavedonewrong。Withtheprogressofcivilizationthetimewilldoubtlesscomewhenwarfare，havingceasedtobenecessary，willbethoughthighlycriminal；yetitwillnotthenbefairtoholdMarlboroughorWellingtonaccountablefortheliveslostintheirgreatbattles。Westillliveinanagewhenwaris，totheimaginationofsomepersons，surroundedwithfalseglories；andthegreatestofmoderngenerals[32]hasstillmanyundiscriminatingadmirers。YetthedayisnolesscertainlyathandwhentheedictsofCharlesV。
willbedeemedamorepardonableoffenceagainsthumanitythanthewantonmarchtoMoscow。
[32]ThiswaswrittenbeforethedeedsofMoltkehadeclipsedthoseofNapoleon。
PhilipII。wasdifferentfromhisfatherincapacityasadrudgingclerk，likeBoutwell，isdifferentfromabrilliantfinancierlikeGladstone。Inorganizationhedifferedfromhimasaboordiffersfromagentleman。Heseemedmadeofacoarserclay。Thedifferencebetweenthemiswellindicatedbytheirtastesatthetable。Bothwereterriblegluttons，afactwhichpuritaniccriticismmightsetdownasequallytothediscreditofeachofthem。Buteveninintemperancetherearedegreesofrefinement，andtheimpartialcriticoflifeandmannerswillnodoubtsaythatifonemustgetdrunk，letitbeonChateauMargauxratherthanoncommissarywhiskey。Pickledpartridges，plumpcapons，syrupsoffruits，delicatepastry，andrarefishwenttomakeupthedietofCharlesinhislastdaysatYuste。