Anger,however,aswellaseveryotherpassion,may,uponmanyoccasions,beveryproperlyrestrainedbyprudentialconsiderations。Someexertionofmanhoodandself-commandisevennecessaryforthissortofrestraint;andtheimpartialspectatormaysometimesviewitwiththatsortofcoldesteemduetothatspeciesofconductwhichheconsidersasamerematterofvulgarprudence;butneverwiththataffectionateadmirationwithwhichhesurveysthesamepassions,when,bythesenseofpropriety,theyaremoderatedandsubduedtowhathehimselfcanreadilyenterinto。Intheformerspeciesofrestraint,hemayfrequentlydiscernsomedegreeofpropriety,and,ifyouwill,evenofvirtue;butitisaproprietyandvirtueofamuchinferiorordertothosewhichhealwaysfeelswithtransportandadmirationinthelatter。
Thevirtuesofprudence,justice,andbeneficence,havenotendencytoproduceanybutthemostagreeableeffects。Regardtothoseeffects,asitoriginallyrecommendsthemtotheactor,sodoesitafterwardstotheimpartialspectator。Inourapprobationofthecharacteroftheprudentman,wefeel,withpeculiarcomplacency,thesecuritywhichhemustenjoywhilehewalksunderthesafeguardofthatsedateanddeliberatevirtue。Inourapprobationofthecharacterofthejustman,wefeel,withequalcomplacency,thesecuritywhichallthoseconnectedwithhim,whetherinneighbourhood,society,orbusiness,mustderivefromhisscrupulousanxietynevereithertohurtoroffend。Inourapprobationofthecharacterofthebeneficentman,weenterintothegratitudeofallthosewhoarewithinthesphereofhisgoodoffices,andconceivewiththemthehighestsenseofhismerit。
Inourapprobationofallthosevirtues,oursenseoftheiragreeableeffects,oftheirutility,eithertothepersonwhoexercisesthem,ortosomeotherpersons,joinswithoursenseoftheirpropriety,andconstitutesalwaysaconsiderable,frequentlythegreaterpartofthatapprobation。
Butinourapprobationofthevirtuesofself-command,complacencywiththeireffectssometimesconstitutesnopart,andfrequentlybutasmallpart,ofthatapprobation。Thoseeffectsmaysometimesbeagreeable,andsometimesdisagreeable;andthoughourapprobationisnodoubtstrongerintheformercase,itisbynomeansaltogetherdestroyedinthelatter。Themostheroicvalourmaybeemployedindifferentlyinthecauseeitherofjusticeorofinjustice;andthoughitisnodoubtmuchmorelovedandadmiredintheformercase,itstillappearsagreatandrespectablequalityeveninthelatter。Inthat,andinalltheothervirtuesofself-command,thesplendidanddazzlingqualityseemsalwaystobethegreatnessandsteadinessoftheexertion,andthestrongsenseofproprietywhichisnecessaryinordertomakeandtomaintainthatexertion。Theeffectsaretoooftenbuttoolittleregarded。
OfSystemsofMoralPhilosophyConsistingofFourSectionSectionI