The Theory of the Leisure Class

第27章

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第27章

The Theory of the Leisure Class Thorstein Veblen

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The Theory of the Leisure Class
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  Undertheformerheadareemploymentsthathavetodowithownershiporacquisition;underthelatterhead,thosethathavetodowithworkmanshiporproduction。Aswasfoundinspeakingofthegrowthofinstitutions,sowithregardtoemployments。Theeconomicinterestsoftheleisureclasslieinthepecuniaryemployments;thoseoftheworkingclasseslieinbothclassesofemployments,butchieflyintheindustrial。Entrancetotheleisureclassliesthroughthepecuniaryemployments。

  Thesetwoclassesofemploymentdiffermateriallyinrespectoftheaptitudesrequiredforeach;andthetrainingwhichtheygivesimilarlyfollowstwodivergentlines。Thedisciplineofthepecuniaryemploymentsactstoconserveandtocultivatecertainofthepredatoryaptitudesandthepredatoryanimus。Itdoesthisbothbyeducatingthoseindividualsandclasseswhoareoccupiedwiththeseemploymentsandbyselectivelyrepressingandeliminatingthoseindividualsandlinesofdescentthatareunfitinthisrespect。Sofarasmen’shabitsofthoughtareshapedbythecompetitiveprocessofacquisitionandtenure;sofarastheireconomicfunctionsarecomprisedwithintherangeofownershipofwealthasconceivedintermsofexchangevalue,anditsmanagementandfinancieringthroughapermutationofvalues;

  sofartheirexperienceineconomiclifefavorsthesurvivalandaccentuationofthepredatorytemperamentandhabitsofthought。

  Underthemodern,peaceablesystem,itisofcoursethepeaceablerangeofpredatoryhabitsandaptitudesthatischieflyfosteredbyalifeofacquisition。Thatistosay,thepecuniaryemploymentsgiveproficiencyinthegenerallineofpracticescomprisedunderfraud,ratherthaninthosethatbelongunderthemorearchaicmethodofforcibleseizure。

  Thesepecuniaryemployments,tendingtoconservethepredatorytemperament,aretheemploymentswhichhavetodowithownership——theimmediatefunctionoftheleisureclassproper——andthesubsidiaryfunctionsconcernedwithacquisitionandaccumulation。Thesecovertheclassofpersonsandthatrangeofdutiesintheeconomicprocesswhichhavetodowiththeownershipofenterprisesengagedincompetitiveindustry;

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