Men of Invention and Industry

第13章

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第13章

Men of Invention and Industry 佚名

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Men of Invention and Industry
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  HarrisontothefavouroftheCommissionersappointedbyActofParliamentasapersonhighlydeservingofsuchfurtherencouragementandassistanceastheyshalljudgeproperandsufficienttofinishhisthirdmachine。“TheCommissionersgrantedhimafurthersumof500L。Harrisonwasalreadyreducedtonecessitouscircumstancesbyhiscontinuousapplicationtotheimprovementofthetimekeepers。Hehadalsogotintodebt,andrequiredfurtherassistancetoenablehimtoproceedwiththeirconstruction;buttheCommissionerswouldonlyhelphimbydriblets。

  AlthoughHarrisonhadpromisedthatthethirdmachinewouldbereadyfortrialonAugust1,1743,itwasnotfinishedforsomeyearslater。InJune,1746,wefindhimagainappearingbeforetheBoard,askingforfurtherassistance。Whileproceedingwithhisworkhefounditnecessarytoaddanewspring,“havingspentmuchtimeandthoughtintemperingthem。“Another500L。wasvotedtoenablehimtopayhisdebts,tomaintainhimselfandfamily,andtocompletehischronometer。

  ThreeyearslaterheexhibitedhisthirdmachinetotheRoyalSociety,andonthe30thofNovember,1749,hewasawardedtheGoldMedalfortheyear。Inpresentingit,Mr。Folkes,thePresident,saidtoMr。Harrison,“Idohere,bytheauthorityandinthenameoftheRoyalSocietyofLondonfortheimprovingofnaturalknowledge,presentyouwiththissmallbutfaithfultokenoftheirregardandesteem。Ido,intheirnamecongratulateyouuponthesuccessesyouhavealreadyhad,andImostsincerelywishthatallyourfuturetrialsmayineverywayproveanswerabletothesebeginnings,andthatthefullaccomplishmentofyourgreatundertakingmayatlastbecrownedwithallthereputationandadvantagetoyourselfthatyourwarmestwishesmaysuggest,andtowhichsomanyyearssolaudablyandsodiligentlyspentintheimprovementofthosetalentswhichGodAlmightyhasbestoweduponyou,willsojustlyentitleyourconstantandunweariedperseverance。“

  Mr。Folkes,inhisspeech,spokeofMr。Harrisonas“oneofthemostmodestpersonshehadeverknown。Inspeaking,“hecontinued,“ofhisownperformances,hehasassuredmethat,fromtheimmensenumberofdiligentandaccurateexperimentshehasmade,andfromthesevereteststowhichhehasinmanywaysputhisinstrument,heexpectsheshallbeablewithsufficientcertainty,throughallthegreatestvarietyofseasonsandthemostirregularmotionsofthesea,tokeeptimeconstantly,withoutthevariationofsomuchasthreesecondsinaweek,——adegreeofexactnessthatisastonishingandevenstupendous,consideringtheimmensenumberofdifficulties,andthoseofverydifferentsorts,whichtheauthoroftheseinventionsmusthavehadtoencounterandstrugglewithal。“

  Althoughitiscommonenoughnowtomakefirst-ratechronometers——sufficienttodeterminethelongitudewithalmostperfectaccuracyineveryclimeoftheworld——itwasverydifferentatthattime,whenHarrisonwasoccupiedwithhislaboriousexperiments。Althoughheconsideredhisthirdmachinetobetheneplusultraofscientificmechanism,heneverthelessproceededtoconstructafourthtimepiece,intheformofapocketwatchaboutfiveinchesindiameter。Hefoundtheprincipleswhichhehadadoptedinhislargermachinesappliedequallywellinthesmaller,andtheperformancesofthelastsurpassedhisutmostexpectations。Butinthemeantime,ashisthirdtimekeeperwas,inhisopinion,sufficienttosupplytherequirementsoftheBoardofLongitudeasrespectedthehighestrewardoffered,heappliedtotheCommissionersforleavetotrythatinstrumentonboardaroyalshiptosomeportintheWestIndies,asdirectedbythestatuteofQueenAnne。

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