Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions

第58章

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第58章

Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions Mackay, Charles

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Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions
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  ItisnotnecessarytoenterintoadetailoftheeventsbywhichSaladinattainedthesovereigntyoftheEast,orhow,afterasuccessionofengagements,heplantedtheMoslembanneroncemoreuponthebattlementsofJerusalem。TheChristianknightsandpopulation,includingthegrandordersofSt。John,theHospitallers,andtheTemplars,weresunkinanabyssofvice,andtornbyunworthyjealousiesanddissensions,wereunabletoresistthewell-trainedarmieswhichthewiseandmightySaladinbroughtforwardtocrushthem。ButthenewsoftheirfallcreatedapainfulsensationamongthechivalryofEurope,whosenoblestmemberswerelinkedtothedwellersinPalestinebymanyties,bothofbloodandfriendship。ThenewsofthegreatbattleofTiberias,inwhichSaladindefeatedtheChristianhostwithterribleslaughter,arrivedfirstinEurope,andwasfollowedinquicksuccessionbythatofthecaptureofJerusalem,Antioch,Tripoli,andothercities。Dismayseizedupontheclergy。ThePopeUrbanIII。wassoaffectedbythenewsthathepinedawayforgrief,andwasscarcelyseentosmileagain,untilhesankintothesleepofdeath。[JamesofVitry——WilliamdeNangis。]Hissuccessor,GregoryVIII。feltthelossasacutely,buthadbetterstrengthtobearit,andinstructedalltheclergyoftheChristianworldtostirupthepeopletoarmsfortherecoveryoftheHolySepulchre。William,ArchbishopofTyre,ahumblefollowerinthepathofPetertheHermit,leftPalestinetopreachtotheKingsofEuropethemiserieshehadwitnessed,andtoincitethemtotherescue。TherenownedFrederickBarbarossa,theEmperorofGermany,speedilycollectedanarmy,andpassingoverintoSyriawithlessdelaythanhadeverbeforeawaitedacrusadingforce,defeatedtheSaracens,andtookpossessionofthecityofIconium。Hewasunfortunatelycutoffinthemiddleofhissuccessfulcareer,byimprudentlybathingintheCydnus[ThedesireofcomparingtwogreatmenhastemptedmanywriterstodrownFrederickintheriverCydnus,inwhichAlexandersoimprudentlybathedQ。Curt。

  lib。iii。c。4,5。:but,fromthemarchoftheEmperor,IratherjudgethathisSalephistheCalycadnus,astreamoflessfame,butofalongercourse——Gibbon]whilehewasoverheated,andtheDukeofSuabiatookthecommandoftheexpedition。Thelatterdidnotprovesoableageneral,andmetwithnothingbutreverses,althoughhewasenabledtomaintainafootingatAntiochuntilassistancearrivedfromEurope。

  HenryII。ofEnglandandPhilipAugustusofFrance,attheheadoftheirchivalry,supportedtheCrusadewithalltheirinfluence,untilwarsanddissensionsnearerhomeestrangedthemfromitforatime。

  ThetwokingsmetatGisorsinNormandyinthemonthofJanuary1188,accompaniedbyabrillianttrainofknightsandwarriors。WilliamofTyrewaspresent,andexpoundedthecauseoftheCrosswithconsiderableeloquence,andthewholeassemblyboundthemselvesbyoathtoproceedtoJerusalem。Itwasagreedatthesametimethatatax,calledSaladin’stithe,andconsistingofthetenthpartofallpossessions,whetherlandedorpersonal,shouldbeenforcedoverChristendom,uponeveryonewhowaseitherunableorunwillingtoassumetheCross。Thelordofeveryfeof,whetherlayorecclesiastical,waschargedtoraisethetithewithinhisownjurisdiction;andanyonewhorefusedtopayhisquota,becamebythatactthebondsmanandabsolutepropertyofhislord。AtthesametimethegreatestindulgencewasshowntothosewhoassumedtheCross;nomanwasatlibertytostaythembyprocessofanykind,whetherfordebt,orrobbery,ormurder。TheKingofFrance,atthebreakingupoftheconference,summonedaparliamentatParis,wheretheseresolutionsweresolemnlyconfirmed,whileHenryII。didthesameforhisNormanpossessionsatRouen,andforEnglandatGeddington,inNorthamptonshire。Tousethewordsofanancientchronicler,[Stowe。]

  “heheldaparliamentaboutthevoyageintotheHolyLand,andtroubledthewholelandwiththepayingoftithestowardsit。“

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