The Origins of Contemporary France

第34章

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第34章

The Origins of Contemporary France Hippolyte Aldophe Taine

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The Origins of Contemporary France
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  —\"Theyaretobeusedeverywhere,whereverthereareenemiesofthepeople,totheChateau,ifanycanbefoundthere!\"TheywilloverridethevetoandmakesurethattheNationalAssemblywillapprovethegoodlaws。Tothispurpose,theFaubourgSt。Antoinevolunteersitspikes,and,tomarktheusemadeofthem,itcomplainsthat\"effortsaremadetosubstituteanaristocracyofwealthfortheomnipotenceofinheritedrank。\"Itdemands\"severemeasuresagainsttherascallyhypocriteswho,withtheConstitutionintheirhands,slaughterthepeople。\"Itdeclaresthat\"kings,ministersandacivillistwillpassaway,butthattherightsofman,nationalsovereigntyandpikeswillnotpassaway,\"and,byorderofthepresident,theNationalAssemblythanksthepetitioners,\"fortheadvicetheirzealpromptsthemtogive。

  TheleadersoftheAssemblyandthepeoplearmedwithpikesuniteagainsttherich,againstConstitutionalists,againstthegovernment,andhenceforth,theJacobinextremistsmarchsidebysidewiththeGirondins,bothreconciledfortheattackbutreservedtheirrighttodisagreeuntilafterthevictory。

  \"TheobjectoftheGirondists[86]isnotarepublicinname,butanactualrepublicthroughareductionofthecivilliststofivemillions,throughthecurtailmentofmostoftheroyalprerogatives,throughachangeofdynastyofwhichthenewheadwouldbeasortofhonorarypresidentoftherepublictowhichtheywouldassignanexecutivecouncilappointedbytheAssembly,thatistosay,bythemselves。\"AstotheJacobinextremistswefindnoprinciplewiththembut\"thatofarigorous,absoluteapplicationoftheRightsofMan。Withtheaidofsuchachartertheyaimatchangingthelawsandpublicofficerseverysixmonths,atextendingtheirlevelingprocesstoeveryconstitutedauthority,toalllegalpre—eminenceandtoproperty。Theonlyregimetheylongforisthedemocracyofacontentiousrabble……Thevilestinstruments,professionalagitators,brigands,fanatics,everysortofwretch,thehardenedandarmedpoverty—stricken,who,inwilddisorder\"marchtotheattackofpropertyandto\"universalpillage\"inshort,barbariansoftownandcountry\"whoformtheirordinaryarmyandneverleaveitinactiveonesingleday。\"—Undertheiruniversal,concertedandgrowingusurpationthesubstanceofpowermeltswhollyawayinthehandofthelegalauthorities;littlebylittle,thesearereducedtovaincounterfeits,whilefromoneendofFrance,totheother,longbeforethefinalcollapse,theparty,intheprovincesaswellasatParis,substitutes,underthecryofpublicdanger,agovernmentofmightforthegovernmentoflaw。

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