The Origins of Contemporary France

第27章

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第27章

The Origins of Contemporary France Hippolyte Aldophe Taine

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The Origins of Contemporary France
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  Andyetthisadministrationofjustice,ludicrousandfloutedasitmaybe,isstillasortofbarrier。Whenitfalls,alongwiththeGovernment,everythingisexposedtoplunder,andthereisnosuchthingaspublicproperty。—AfterAugust10,1792,eachcommuneorindividualappropriateswhatevercomesinitsway,eitherproductsorthesoilitself。Someoftheplunderersgosofarastosaythat,sincetheGovernmentnolongerrepressesthem,theyactunderitsauthority。[57]\"Theyhavedestroyedeventherecentplantationofyoungtrees。\"\"OneofthevillagesnearFontainebleauclearedoffanddividedanentiregrove。AtRambouillet,fromAugust10thtotheendofOctober,\"thelossismorethan100,000crowns;theruralagitatorsdemandwiththreatsthepartitionoftheforestamongtheinhabitants。\"Thedestructionisenormous\"everywhere,prolongedforentiremonths,andofsuchakind,saystheminister,astodryupthissourceofpublicrevenueforalongtimetocome。—

  Communalpropertyisnomorerespectedthannationalproperty。Ineachcommune,theseboldandneedyfolk,theruralpopulace,areprivilegedtoenjoyandmakethemostofit。Notcontentwithenjoyingit,theydesiretoacquireownershipofit,and,fordaysaftertheKing’sfall,theLegislativeAssembly,losingitsfootingintheuniversalbreakingup,empowerstheindigenttoputinforcetheagrarianlaw。Henceforthitsufficesinanycommuneforone—

  thirdofitsinhabitantsofbothsexes,servants,commonlaborers,shepherds,farm—handsorcowherds,andevenpaupers,todemandapartitionofthecommunalpossessions。Allthatthecommuneowns,savepublicedificesandwoods,istobecutupintoasmanyequallotsasthereareheads,thelotstobedrawnfor,andeachindividualtotakepossessionofhisorherportion。[58]TheOperationiscarriedout,for\"thosewhoareleastwelloffareinfinitelyflatteredbyit。\"InthedistrictofArcis—sur—Aube,therearenotadozencommunesoutofninetyinwhichmorethantwo—

  thirdsofthevotershadthegoodsensetopronounceagainstit。

  >Fromthistimeforththecommuneceasestobeanindependentproprietor;ithasnothingtofallbackupon。Incaseofdistressitisobligedtolayonextrataxesandobtain,ifitcan,afewadditionalsous。Itsfuturerevenueisatpresentinthetightlybuttonedpocketsofthenewproprietors。—Theprevalenceofshort—sightedviewsisoncemoreduetothecovetousnessofindividuals。Whethernationalorcommunal,itisalwayspublicinterestwhichsuccumbs,anditsuccumbsalwaysundertheusurpationsofindigentminorities,atonetimethroughthefeeblenessofpublicauthority,whichdaresnotopposetheirviolence,andatanotherthroughthecomplicityofpublicauthority,whichhasconferreduponthemtherightsofthemajority。

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