The Origins of Contemporary France

第12章

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第12章

The Origins of Contemporary France Hippolyte Aldophe Taine

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The Origins of Contemporary France
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  Theyscarcelyshowthemselvesinthestreetswithoutbeinghootedat……Asournationandourcenturyarequiteotherwiseenlightened(thaninthetimeofLuther),itwillbecarriedfarenough;theywillexpelthepriests,abolishthepriesthoodandgetridofallrevelationandallmystery……Onedarenotspeakinbehalfoftheclergyinsocialcircles;oneisscoffedatandregardedasafamiliaroftheinquisition。Thepriestsremarkthat,thisyear,thereisadiminutionofmorethanone—thirdinthenumberofcommunicants。TheCollegeoftheJesuitsisbeingdeserted;onehundredandtwentyboardershavebeenwithdrawnfromthesesogreatlydefamedmonks。Ithasbeenobservedalsothat,duringthecarnivalinParis,thenumberofmaskscounterfeitingecclesiasticaldress,bishops,abbés,monksandnuns,wasneversogreat。\"—Sodeepisthisantipathy,themostmediocrebooksbecometheragesolongastheyareanti—Christianandcondemnedassuch。In1748aworkbyToussaintcalled\"LesMoeurs,\"infavorofnaturalreligion,suddenlybecomessofamous,\"thatthereisnooneamongacertainclassofpeople,\"writesBarbier,\"manorwoman,pretendingtobeintellectual,whoisnoteagertoreadit。\"Peopleaccosteachotherontheirpromenades,Haveyouread\"LesMoeurs\"?—Tenyearslatertheyarebeyonddeism。\"Materialism,\"Barbierfurthersaid,\"isthegreatgrievance……\"\"Almostallpeopleoferuditionandtaste,writesd’Argenson,\"inveighagainstourholyreligion……

  Itisattackedonallsides,andwhatanimatesunbelieversstillmoreistheeffortsmadebythedevouttocompelbelief。Theypublishbookswhicharebutlittleread;debatesnolongertakeplace,everythingbeinglaughedat,whilepeoplepersistinmaterialism。\"

  HoraceWalpole,whoreturnstoFrancein1765,[18]andwhosegoodsenseanticipatesthedanger,isastonishedatsuchimprudence:\"I

  dinedtodaywithadozenscholarsandscientists,andalthoughalltheservantswerearoundusandlistening,theconversationwasmuchmoreunrestrained,evenontheOldTestament,thanIwouldallowatmyowntableinEnglandevenifasinglefootmanwaspresent。\"Peopledogmatizeeverywhere。\"Jokingisasmuchoutoffashionasjumpingjacksandtumblers。Ourgoodfolkshavenotimetolaugh!ThereisGodandthekingtobehauleddownfirst;andmenandwomen,oneandall,aredevoutlyemployedinthedemolition。Theythinkmequiteprofaneforhavinganybeliefleft……Doyouknowwhothephilosophersare,orwhatthetermmeanshere?Inthefirstplaceitcomprehendsalmosteverybody;andinthenext,meansmen,who,avowingwaragainstpopery,takeaim,manyofthem,atasubversionofallreligion……Thesesavants,—Ibegtheirpardons,thesephilosophers—areinsupportable,superficial,overbearingandfanatic:theypreachincessantly,andtheiravoweddoctrineisatheism;youwouldnotbelievehowopenly。Voltairehimselfdoesnotsatisfythem。Oneoftheirladydevoteessaidofhim,’Heisabigot,adeist!’\"

  Thisisverystrong,andyetwehavenotcometotheendofit;

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