Inoppositiontolabourandrentsinkindwefindagreatmanypaymentsinmoney。Someofthesearesaidinasmanywordstohavesteptintotheplaceoflabourservices；ofmowing，carrying，makinghedges，61*etc。Thesamemaybethecaseinregardtoproduce：barlicksilverispaidinsteadofbarley，fish-silverevidentlyinsteadoffish，malt-silverinsteadofmalt；acertainpaymentinsteadofsalt，andsoon。62*Butsometimestheoriginofthemoneyrentismoredifficulttoascertain。Wefind，forinstance，adutyonsheep，whichisalmostcertainlyanoriginalimpositionwhenitappearsasfald-silver。Evensothescythe-pennyfromeveryscythe，thebosing-silverfromeveryhorseandcart，thewood-penny，probablyfortheuseofwoodasfuel，mustberegardedasoriginaltaxesandnotquit-rentsorcommutation-rents。63*Pannageispaidinthesamewayfortheswinegrazinginthewoods。64*Ward-pennyappearsalsoinconnexionwithcattle，butwithsomespecialshadeofmeaningwhichitisdifficulttobringoutdefinitely；
thenameseemstopointtoprotection，andalsooccursinconnexionwithpolicearrangements。65*
ImustacknowledgethatinagoodmanycasesIhavebeenunabletofindasatisfactoryexplanationforvarioustermswhichoccurintherecordsforthediverspayments。Anattentivestudyoflocalusageswillprobablyleadtodefiniteconclusionsastomostofthem。66*Fromageneralpointofviewitisinterestingtonotice，thatwefindalreadyinourrecordssomeattemptstobringalltheperplexingvarietyofpaymentstoafewmaindesignations。Annualrentsare，ofcourse，reckonedoutundertheoneheadof’census。’Veryobviousreasonssuggestedtheadvisabilityofcomputingtheentiremoney-proceedyieldedbytheestate。67*Itsometimeshappensthatthegeneralsummadeupinthisway，fixedasitisataconstantamount，isusedalmostasanameforacomplexofland。68*Adivisionofrentsintooldandnewonesdoesnotrequireanyparticularexplanation。69*
Butseveralothersubdivisionsareworthnotice。Therentpaidfromthelandoftenappearsseparatelyaslandgafolorlandchere。
Itisnaturallyopposedtopaymentsthatfallonthepersonaspolltaxes。70*Theselastareconsideredguaranteedbytheasareturnforthepersonalprotectionlordtohissubjects。OfthecontrastbetweengafolasacustomaryrentandmalasapaymentincommutationIhavespokenalready，andIhaveonlytoaddnow，thatgildissometimesusedinthesamesenseasmal。71*