mean。Anumberofnewmachineswereinstalledinacertainshoefactory，andasaresulttherewasaheavyincreaseinproductioneventhoughtherewasnoincreaseinthelaborforce。Someoftheworkmenwereinstructedintheuseofthesemachinesbyspecialdemonstratorssentoutbythemakersofthemachines。Thesemen，byreasonoftheirspecialaptitudesandthefactthattheywerenotcalledupontooperatethemachinescontinuouslyninehourseveryday，weekinandweekout，butonlyforanhourorsoatspecialtimes，werenaturallyabletorunthemachinesattheirmaximumcapacity。Whenthesedemonstratorshadleftthefactory，andthecompany’sownemployeeshadbecomeusedtooperatingthemachinesatafairrateofspeed，theforemanoftheestablishmentgraduallyspeededthemachinesanddemandedalargerandstilllargeroutput，constantlyendeavoringtodrivethemenontogreaterexertions。Evenwithaslightlylessmaximumcapacity，theintroductionofthismachineryresultedinagreatincreaseoverformerproductionwiththesameamountoflabor；
andsogreatweretheprofitsfromthebusinessinthefollowingtwoyearsastoequalthetotalcapitalizedstockofthecompany。Butnotacentgotintothepayenvelopeoftheworkmenbeyondwhattheyhadformerlybeenreceivingbeforetheintroductionofthisnewmachinery，notwithstandingthatithadmeantanaddedstrain，physicalandmental，upontheirenergies，andthattheywereforcedtoworkharderthaneverbefore。Thewholeoftheincreasedprofitsremainedwiththecompany。Nowthisrepresentedan“increaseofefficiency。”withapositivedecreaseofsocialandindustrialjustice。Theincreaseofprosperitywhichcamefromincreaseofproductioninnowaybenefitedthewage-workers。Iholdthattheyweretreatedwithgrossinjustice；
andthatsociety，actingifnecessarythroughtheGovernment，insuchacaseshouldbenditsenergiestoremedysuchinjustice；andIwillsupportanyproperlegislationthatwillaidinsecuringthedesiredend。
Thewage-workershouldnotonlyreceivefairtreatment；heshouldgivefairtreatment。Inorderthatprosperitymaybepassedarounditisnecessarythattheprosperityexist。Inorderthatlaborshallreceiveitsfairshareinthedivisionofrewarditisnecessarythattherebearewardtodivide。Anyproposaltoreduceefficiencybyinsistingthatthemostefficientshallbelimitedintheiroutputtowhattheleastefficientcando，isaproposaltolimitbysomuchproduction，andthereforetoimpoverishbysomuchthepublic，andspecificallytoreducetheamountthatcanbedividedamongtheproducers。Thisisallwrong。Ourprotestmustbeagainstunfairdivisionoftherewardforproduction。Everyencouragementshouldbegiventhebusinessman，theemployer，tomakehisbusinessprosperous，andthereforetoearnmoremoneyforhimself；andinlikefashioneveryencouragementshouldbegiventheefficientworkman。Wemustalwayskeepinmindthattoreducetheamountofproductionservesmerelytoreducetheamountthatistobedivided，isinnowaypermanentlyefficientasaprotestagainstunequaldistributionandispermanentlydetrimentaltotheentirecommunity。Butincreasedproductivenessisnotsecuredbyexcessivelaboramidunhealthysurroundings。Thecontraryistrue。
Shorterhours，andhealthfulconditions，andopportunityforthewage-