THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE

第27章

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第27章

THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE Charles Darwin

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THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE
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  Whilestayingatthisestancia,IwasamusedwithwhatIsawandheardoftheshepherd-dogsofthecountry。[3]Whenriding,itisacommonthingtomeetalargeflockofsheepguardedbyoneortwodogs,atthedistanceofsomemilesfromanyhouseorman。Ioftenwonderedhowsofirmafriendshiphadbeenestablished。Themethodofeducationconsistsinseparatingthepuppy,whileveryyoung,fromthebitch,andinaccustomingittoitsfuturecompanions。Aneweisheldthreeorfourtimesadayforthelittlethingtosuck,andanestofwoolismadeforitinthesheep-pen;atnotimeisitallowedtoassociatewithotherdogs,orwiththechildrenofthefamily。Thepuppyis,moreover,generallycastrated;

  sothat,whengrownup,itcanscarcelyhaveanyfeelingsincommonwiththerestofitskind。Fromthiseducationithasnowishtoleavetheflock,andjustasanotherdogwilldefenditsmaster,man,sowillthesethesheep。Itisamusingtoobserve,whenapproachingaflock,howthedogimmediatelyadvancesbarking,andthesheepallcloseinhisrear,asifroundtheoldestram。Thesedogsarealsoeasilytaughttobringhometheflock,atacertainhourintheevening。Theirmosttroublesomefault,whenyoung,istheirdesireofplayingwiththesheep;forintheirsporttheysometimesgalloptheirpoorsubjectsmostunmercifully。

  Theshepherd-dogcomestothehouseeverydayforsomemeat,andassoonasitisgivenhim,heskulksawayasifashamedofhimself。Ontheseoccasionsthehouse-dogsareverytyrannical,andtheleastofthemwillattackandpursuethestranger。Theminute,however,thelatterhasreachedtheflock,heturnsroundandbeginstobark,andthenallthehouse-dogstakeveryquicklytotheirheels。InasimilarmannerawholepackofthehungrywilddogswillscarcelyeverandIwastoldbysomeneverventuretoattackaflockguardedbyevenoneofthesefaithfulshepherds。Thewholeaccountappearstomeacuriousinstanceofthepliabilityoftheaffectionsinthedog;andyet,whetherwildorhowevereducated,hehasafeelingofrespectorfearforthosethatarefulfillingtheirinstinctofassociation。Forwecanunderstandonnoprinciplethewilddogsbeingdrivenawaybythesingleonewithitsflock,exceptthattheyconsider,fromsomeconfusednotion,thattheonethusassociatedgainspower,asifincompanywithitsownkind。F。Cuvierhasobservedthatallanimalsthatreadilyenterintodomestication,considermanasamemberoftheirownsociety,andthusfulfiltheirinstinctofassociation。Intheabovecasetheshepherd-dogranksthesheepasitsfellow-brethren,andthusgainsconfidence;andthewilddogs,thoughknowingthattheindividualsheeparenotdogs,butaregoodtoeat,yetpartlyconsenttothisviewwhenseeingtheminaflockwithashepherd-dogattheirhead。

  Oneeveninga“domidor“asubduerofhorsescameforthepurposeofbreaking-insomecolts。Iwilldescribethepreparatorysteps,forIbelievetheyhavenotbeenmentionedbyothertravellers。Atroopofwildyounghorsesisdrivenintothecorral,orlargeenclosureofstakes,andthedoorisshut。Wewillsupposethatonemanalonehastocatchandmountahorse,whichasyethadneverfeltbridleorsaddle。Iconceive,exceptbyaGaucho,suchafeatwouldbeutterlyimpracticable。TheGauchopicksoutafull-growncolt;andasthebeastrushesroundthecircushethrowshislazosoastocatchboththefrontlegs。Instantlythehorserollsoverwithaheavyshock,andwhilststrugglingontheground,theGaucho,holdingthelazotight,makesacircle,soastocatchoneofthehindlegsjustbeneaththefetlock,anddrawsitclosetothetwofrontlegs:

  hethenhitchesthelazo,sothatthethreeareboundtogether。Thensittingonthehorse’sneck,hefixesastrongbridle,withoutabit,tothelowerjaw:thishedoesbypassinganarrowthongthroughtheeye-holesattheendofthereins,andseveraltimesroundbothjawandtongue。Thetwofrontlegsarenowtiedcloselytogetherwithastrongleathernthong,fastenedbyaslip-knot。Thelazo,whichboundthethreetogether,beingthenloosed,thehorseriseswithdifficulty。TheGauchonowholdingfastthebridlefixedtothelowerjaw,leadsthehorseoutsidethecorral。

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