The Varieties of Religious Experience

第52章

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第52章

The Varieties of Religious Experience William James

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The Varieties of Religious Experience
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  Thelastlectureleftusinastateofexpectancy。Whatmaythepracticalfruitsforlifehavebeen,ofsuchmovinglyhappyconversionsasthoseweheardof?Withthisquestionthereallyimportantpartofourtaskopens,foryourememberthatwebeganallthisempiricalinquirynotmerelytoopenacuriouschapterinthenaturalhistoryofhumanconsciousness,butrathertoattainaspiritualjudgmentastothetotalvalueandpositivemeaningofallthereligioustroubleandhappinesswhichwehaveseen。Wemust,therefore,firstdescribethefruitsofthereligiouslife,andthenwemustjudgethem。Thisdividesourinquiryintotwodistinctparts。Letuswithoutfurtherpreambleproceedtothedescriptivetask。

  Itoughttobethepleasantestportionofourbusinessintheselectures。Somesmallpiecesofit,itistrue,maybepainful,ormayshowhumannatureinapatheticlight,butitwillbemainlypleasant,becausethebestfruitsofreligiousexperiencearethebestthingsthathistoryhastoshow。Theyhavealwaysbeenesteemedso;hereifanywhereisthegenuinelystrenuouslife;andtocalltomindasuccessionofsuchexamplesasIhavelatelyhadtowanderthrough,thoughithasbeenonlyinthereadingofthem,istofeelencouragedandupliftedandwashedinbettermoralair。

  Thehighestflightsofcharity,devotion,trust,patience,braverytowhichthewingsofhumannaturehavespreadthemselveshavebeenflownforreligiousideals。Icandonobetterthanquote,astothis,someremarkswhichSainte-BeuveinhisHistoryofPort-Royalmakesontheresultsofconversionorthestateofgrace。

  “Evenfromthepurelyhumanpointofview。”Sainte-Beuvesays,“thephenomenonofgracemuststillappearsufficientlyextraordinary,eminent,andrare,bothinitsnatureandinitseffects,todeserveacloserstudy。Forthesoularrivestherebyatacertainfixedandinvinciblestate,astatewhichisgenuinelyheroic,andfromoutofwhichthegreatestdeedswhichiteverperformsareexecuted。Throughallthedifferentformsofcommunion,andallthediversityofthemeanswhichhelptoproducethisstate,whetheritbereachedbyajubilee,byageneralconfession,byasolitaryprayerandeffusion,whateverinshorttobetheplaceandtheoccasion,itiseasytorecognizethatitisfundamentallyonestateinspiritandfruits。Penetratealittlebeneaththediversityofcircumstances,anditbecomesevidentthatinChristiansofdifferentepochsitisalwaysoneandthesamemodificationbywhichtheyareaffected:thereisveritablyasinglefundamentalandidenticalspiritofpietyandcharity,commontothosewhohavereceivedgrace;aninnerstatewhichbeforeallthingsisoneofloveandhumility,ofinfiniteconfidenceinGod,andofseverityforone’sself,accompaniedwithtendernessforothers。

  Thefruitspeculiartothisconditionofthesoulhavethesamesavorinall,underdistantsunsandindifferentsurroundings,inSaintTeresaofAvilajustasinanyMoravianbrotherofHerrnhut。”[143]

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