The Varieties of Religious Experience

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第45章

The Varieties of Religious Experience William James

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The Varieties of Religious Experience
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  Whenwereachthesubjectofmysticism,youwillundergosodeepanimmersionintotheseexaltedstatesofconsciousnessastobewetallover,ifImaysoexpressmyself;andthecoldshiverofdoubtwithwhichthislittlesprinklingmayaffectyouwillhavelongsincepassedaway——doubt,Imean,astowhetherallsuchwritingbenotmereabstracttalkandrhetoricsetdownpourencouragerlesautres。Youwillthenbeconvinced,Itrust,thatthesestatesofconsciousnessof“union“formaperfectlydefiniteclassofexperiences,ofwhichthesoulmayoccasionallypartake,andwhichcertainpersonsmaylivebyinadeepersensethantheylivebyanythingelsewithwhichtheyhaveacquaintance。ThisbringsmetoageneralphilosophicalreflectionwithwhichIshouldliketopassfromthesubjectofhealthy-mindedness,andcloseatopicwhichIfearisalreadyonlytoolongdrawnout。Itconcernstherelationofallthissystematizedhealthy-mindednessandmind-curereligiontoscientificmethodandthescientificlife。

  InalaterlectureIshallhavetotreatexplicitlyoftherelationofreligiontoscienceontheonehand,andtoprimevalsavagethoughtontheother。Thereareplentyofpersonsto-day——“scientists“or“positivists。”theyarefondofcallingthemselves——whowilltellyouthatreligiousthoughtisameresurvival,anatavisticreversiontoatypeofconsciousnesswhichhumanityinitsmoreenlightenedexampleshaslongsinceleftbehindandout-grown。Ifyouaskthemtoexplainthemselvesmorefully,theywillprobablysaythatforprimitivethoughteverythingisconceivedofundertheformofpersonality。Thesavagethinksthatthingsoperatebypersonalforces,andforthesakeofindividualends。Forhim,evenexternalnatureobeysindividualneedsandclaims,justasiftheseweresomanyelementarypowers。Nowscience,ontheotherhand,thesepositivistssay,hasprovedthatpersonality,sofarfrombeinganelementaryforceinnature,isbutapassiveresultantofthereallyelementaryforces,physical,chemical,physiological,andpsycho-physical,whichareallimpersonalandgeneralincharacter。Nothingindividualaccomplishesanythingintheuniversesaveinsofarasitobeysandexemplifiessomeuniversallaw。Shouldyoutheninquireofthembywhatmeanssciencehasthussupplantedprimitivethought,anddiscrediteditspersonalwayoflookingatthings,theywouldundoubtedlysayithasbeenbythestrictuseofthemethodofexperimentalverification。Followoutscience’sconceptionspractically,theywillsay,theconceptionsthatignorepersonalityaltogether,andyouwillalwaysbecorroborated。Theworldissomadethatallyourexpectationswillbeexperientiallyverifiedsolong,andonlysolong,asyoukeepthetermsfromwhichyouinferthemimpersonalanduniversal。

  Butherewehavemind-cure,withherdiametricallyoppositephilosophy,settingupanexactlyidenticalclaim。LiveasifI

  weretrue,shesays,andeverydaywillpracticallyproveyouright。Thatthecontrollingenergiesofnaturearepersonal,thatyourownpersonalthoughtsareforces,thatthepowersoftheuniversewilldirectlyrespondtoyourindividualappealsandneeds,arepropositionswhichyourwholebodilyandmentalexperiencewillverify。Andthatexperiencedoeslargelyverifytheseprimevalreligiousideasisprovedbythefactthatthemind-curemovementspreadsasitdoes,notbyproclamationandassertionsimply,butbypalpableexperientialresults。Here,intheveryheydayofscience’sauthority,itcarriesonanaggressivewarfareagainstthescientificphilosophy,andsucceedsbyusingscience’sownpeculiarmethodsandweapons。

  Believingthatahigherpowerwilltakecareofusincertainwaysbetterthanwecantakecareofourselves,ifweonlygenuinelythrowourselvesuponitandconsenttouseit,itfindsthebelief,notonlynotimpugned,butcorroboratedbyitsobservation。

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