The Varieties of Religious Experience

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第23章

The Varieties of Religious Experience William James

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The Varieties of Religious Experience
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  hasanalyzedthecasesofseventy-sevenconvertsorex-candidatesforconversion,knowntohim,andtheresultsstrikinglyconfirmtheviewthatsuddenconversionisconnectedwiththepossessionofanactivesubliminalself。Examininghissubjectswithreferencetotheirhypnoticsensibilityandtosuchautomatismsashypnagogichallucinations,oddimpulses,religiousdreamsaboutthetimeoftheirconversion,etc。,hefoundtheserelativelymuchmorefrequentinthegroupofconvertswhosetransformationhadbeen“striking。”“striking“transformationbeingdefinedasachangewhich,thoughnotnecessarilyinstantaneous,seemstothesubjectofittobedistinctlydifferentfromaprocessofgrowth,howeverrapid。”[128]

  Candidatesforconversionatrevivalsare,asyouknow,oftendisappointed:theyexperiencenothingstriking。ProfessorCoehadanumberofpersonsofthisclassamonghisseventy-sevensubjects,andtheyalmostall,whentestedbyhypnotism,provedtobelongtoasubclasswhichhecalls“spontaneous。”thatis,fertileinself-suggestions,asdistinguishedfroma“passive“

  subclass,towhichmostofthesubjectsofstrikingtransformationbelonged。Hisinferenceisthatself-suggestionofimpossibilityhadpreventedtheinfluenceuponthesepersonsofanenvironmentwhich,onthemore“passive“subjects,hadeasilybroughtforththeeffectstheylookedfor。Sharpdistinctionsaredifficultintheseregions,andProfessorCoe’snumbersaresmall。Buthismethodswerecareful,andtheresultstallywithwhatonemightexpect;andtheyseem,onthewhole,tojustifyhispracticalconclusion,whichisthatifyoushouldexposetoaconvertinginfluenceasubjectinwhomthreefactorsunite:first,pronouncedemotionalsensibility;second,tendencytoautomatisms;andthird,suggestibilityofthepassivetype;

  youmightthensafelypredicttheresult:therewouldbeasuddenconversion,atransformationofthestrikingkind。

  Inhisbook,TheSpiritualLife,NewYork,

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