The Varieties of Religious Experience

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第2章

The Varieties of Religious Experience William James

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The Varieties of Religious Experience
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  ThenIwalkedonaboutamile,andassoonasIwasgotwithinthecity,thewordoftheLordcametomeagain,saying:Cry,’WotothebloodycityofLichfield!’SoIwentupanddownthestreets,cryingwithaloudvoice,WotothebloodycityofLichfield!Itbeingmarketday,Iwentintothemarket-place,andtoandfrointheseveralpartsofit,andmadestands,cryingasbefore,WotothebloodycityofLichfield!Andnoonelaidhandsonme。AsIwentthuscryingthroughthestreets,thereseemedtometobeachannelofbloodrunningdownthestreets,andthemarket-placeappearedlikeapoolofblood。WhenIhaddeclaredwhatwasuponme,andfeltmyselfclear,Iwentoutofthetowninpeace;andreturningtotheshepherdsgavethemsomemoney,andtookmyshoesofthemagain。ButthefireoftheLordwassoonmyfeet,andalloverme,thatIdidnotmattertoputonmyshoesagain,andwasatastandwhetherI

  shouldorno,tillIfeltfreedomfromtheLordsotodo:then,afterIhadwashedmyfeet,Iputonmyshoesagain。Afterthisadeepconsiderationcameuponme,forwhatreasonIshouldbesenttocryagainstthatcity,andcallitThebloodycity!Forthoughtheparliamenthadtheministeronewhile,andthekinganother,andmuchbloodhadbeenshedinthetownduringthewarsbetweenthem,yettherewasnomorethanhadbefallenmanyotherplaces。ButafterwardsIcametounderstand,thatintheEmperorDiocletian’stimeathousandChristiansweremartyr’dinLichfield。SoIwastogo,withoutmyshoes,throughthechanneloftheirblood,andintothepooloftheirbloodinthemarket-place,thatImightraiseupthememorialofthebloodofthosemartyrs,whichhadbeenshedaboveathousandyearsbefore,andlaycoldintheirstreets。Sothesenseofthisbloodwasuponme,andIobeyedthewordoftheLord。”

  Bentasweareonstudyingreligion’sexistentialconditions,wecannotpossiblyignorethesepathologicalaspectsofthesubject。

  Wemustdescribeandnamethemjustasiftheyoccurredinnon-religiousmen。Itistruethatweinstinctivelyrecoilfromseeinganobjecttowhichouremotionsandaffectionsarecommittedhandledbytheintellectasanyotherobjectishandled。Thefirstthingtheintellectdoeswithanobjectistoclassitalongwithsomethingelse。Butanyobjectthatisinfinitelyimportanttousandawakensourdevotionfeelstousalsoasifitmustbesuigenerisandunique。Probablyacrabwouldbefilledwithasenseofpersonaloutrageifitcouldhearusclassitwithoutadoorapologyasacrustacean,andthusdisposeofit。“Iamnosuchthing,itwouldsay;IamMYSELF,MYSELFalone。

  Thenextthingtheintellectdoesistolaybarethecausesinwhichthethingoriginates。Spinozasays:“Iwillanalyzetheactionsandappetitesofmenasifitwereaquestionoflines,ofplanes,andofsolids。”Andelsewhereheremarksthathewillconsiderourpassionsandtheirpropertieswiththesameeyewithwhichhelooksonallothernaturalthings,sincetheconsequencesofouraffectionsflowfromtheirnaturewiththesamenecessityasitresultsfromthenatureofatrianglethatitsthreeanglesshouldbeequaltotworightangles。SimilarlyM。Taine,intheintroductiontohishistoryofEnglishliterature,haswritten:“Whetherfactsbemoralorphysical,itmakesnomatter。Theyalwayshavetheircauses。Therearecausesforambition,courage,veracity,justastherearefordigestion,muscularmovement,animalheat。Viceandvirtueareproductslikevitriolandsugar。”Whenwereadsuchproclamationsoftheintellectbentonshowingtheexistentialconditionsofabsolutelyeverything,wefeel——quiteapartfromourlegitimateimpatienceatthesomewhatridiculousswaggeroftheprogram,inviewofwhattheauthorsareactuallyabletoperform——menacedandnegatedinthespringsofourinnermostlife。Suchcold-bloodedassimilationsthreaten,wethink,toundooursoul’svitalsecrets,asifthesamebreathwhichshouldsucceedinexplainingtheiroriginwouldsimultaneouslyexplainawaytheirsignificance,andmakethemappearofnomorepreciousness,either,thantheusefulgroceriesofwhichM。Tainespeaks。

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