IV
Ihavementionedinpassingthatthenewsystemmightbemorefavourabletopeacethantheoldhasbeen。Itisworthwhiletorepeatandemphasisethataspect。Warhasseveralcauses。Dictatorsandotherssuch，towhomwaroffers，inexpectationatleast，apleasurableexcitement，finditeasytoworkonthenaturalbellicosityoftheirpeoples。But，overandabovethis，facilitatingtheirtaskoffanningthepopularflame，aretheeconomiccausesofwar，namely，thepressureofpopulationandthecompetitivestruggleformarkets。Itisthesecondfactor，whichprobablyplayedapre-
[Page382]THE
GENERALTHEORYOFEMPLOYMENT
dominantpartinthenineteenthcentury，andmightagain，thatisgermanetothisdiscussion。