Inordertopreventexportation,thewholeinlandcommerceofwoolislaidunderveryburdensomeandoppressiverestrictions。Itcannotbepackedinanybox,barrel,cask,case,chest,oranyotherpackage,butonlyinpacksofleatherorpack—cloth,onwhichmustbemarkedontheoutsidethewordswooloryam,inlargelettersnotlessthanthreeincheslong,onpainofforfeitingthesameandthepackage,andthreeshillingsforeverypoundweight,tobepaidbytheownerorpacker。Itcannotbeloadenonanyhorseorcart,orcarriedbylandwithinfivemilesofthecoast,butbetweensun—risingandsun—setting,onpainofforfeitingthesame,thehorsesandcarriages。Thehundrednextadjoiningtothesea—coast,outoforthroughwhichthewooliscarriedorexported,forfeitstwentypounds,ifthewoolisunderthevalueoftenpounds;andifofgreatervalue,thentreblethatvalue,togetherwithtreblecosts,tobesuedforwithintheyear。Theexecutiontobeagainstanytwooftheinhabitants,whomthesessionsmustreimburse,byanassessmentontheotherinhabitants,asinthecasesofrobbery。Andifanypersoncompoundswiththehundredforlessthanthispenalty,heistobeimprisonedforfiveyears;andanyotherpersonmayprosecute。Theseregulationstakeplacethroughthewholekingdom。
ButintheparticularcountiesofKentandSussex,therestrictionsarestillmoretroublesome。Everyownerofwoolwithintenmilesofthesea—coastmustgivenanaccountinwriting,threedaysaftershearingtothenextofficerofthecustoms,ofthenumberofhisfleeces,andoftheplaceswheretheyarelodged。Andbeforeheremovesanypartofthemhemustgivethelikenoticeofthenumberandweightofthefleeces,andofthenameandabodeofthepersontowhomtheyaresold,andoftheplacetowhichitisintendedtheyshouldbecarried。Nopersonwithinfifteenmilesofthesea,inthesaidcounties,canbuyanywoolbeforeheentersintobondtothekingthatnopartofthewoolwhichheshallsobuyshallbesoldbyhimtoanyotherpersonwithinfifteenmilesofthesea。Ifanywoolisfoundcarryingtowardsthesea—sideinthesaidcounties,unlessithasbeenenteredandsecuritygivenasaforesaid,itisforfeited,andtheoffenderalsoforfeitsthreeshillingsforeverypoundweight。Ifanypersonlaysanywoolnotenteredasaforesaidwithinfifteenmilesofthesea,itmustbeseizedandforfeited;andif,aftersuchseizure,anypersonclaimthesame,hemustgivesecuritytotheExchequerthatifheiscastupontrialheshallpaytreblecosts,besidesallotherpenalties。
Whensuchrestrictionsareimposedupontheinlandtrade,thecoastingtrade,wemaybelieve,cannotbeleftveryfree。
Everyownerofwoolwhocarriesorcausestobecarriedanywooltoanyportorplaceontheseacoast,inordertobefromthencetransportedbyseatoanyotherplaceorportonthecoast,mustfirstcauseanentrythereoftobemadeattheportfromwhenceitisintendedtobeconveyed,containingtheweight,marks,andnumberofthepackages,beforehebringsthesamewithinfivemilesofthatport,onpainofforfeitingthesame,andalsothehorses,carts,andothercarriages;andalsoofsufferingandforfeitingasbytheotherlawsinforceagainsttheexportationofwool。Thislaw,however(1stWilliamIII,c。32),issoveryindulgentastodeclarethat,\"Thisshallnothinderanypersonfromcarryinghiswoolhomefromtheplaceofshearing,thoughitbewithinfivemilesofthesea,providedthatintendaysaftershearing,andbeforeheremovethewool,hedounderhishandcertifytothenextofficerofthecustoms,thetruenumberoffleeces,andwhereitishoused;anddonotremovethesame,withoutcertifyingtosuchofficer,underhishand,hisintentionsotodo,threedaysbefore。\"Bondmustbegiventhatthewooltobecarriedcoastwaysistobelandedattheparticularportforwhichitisenteredoutwards;andifanypartofitislandedwithoutthepresenceofanofficer,notonlytheforfeitureofthewoolisincurredasinothergoods,buttheusualadditionalpenaltyofthreeshillingsforeverypoundweightislikewiseincurred。
Ourwoollenmanufactures,inordertojustifytheirdemandofsuchextraordinaryrestrictionsandregulations,confidentlyassertedthatEnglishwoolwasofapeculiarquality,superiortothatofanyothercountry;thatthewoolofothercountriescouldnot,withoutsomemixtureofit,bewroughtupintoanytolerablemanufacture;thatfineclothcouldnotbemadewithoutit;thatEngland,therefore,iftheexportationofitcouldbetotallyprevented,couldmonopolizetoherselfalmostthewholewoollentradeoftheworld;andthus,havingnorivals,couldsellatwhatpriceshepleased,andinashorttimeacquirethemostincredibledegreeofwealthbythemostadvantageousbalanceoftrade。Thisdoctrine,likemostotherdoctrineswhichareconfidentlyassertedbyanyconsiderablenumberofpeople,was,andstillcontinuestobe,mostimplicitlybelievedbyamuchgreaternumber—byalmostallthosewhoareeitherunacquaintedwiththewoollentrade,orwhohavenotmadeparticularinquiries。Itis,however,soperfectlyfalsethatEnglishwoolisinanyrespectnecessaryforthemakingoffinecloththatitisaltogetherunfitforit。FineclothismadealtogetherofSpanishwool。EnglishwoolcannotbeevensomixedwithSpanishwoolastoenterintothecompositionwithoutspoilinganddegrading,insomedegree,thefabricofthecloth。