VaudoisedesSc。Nat。’tome61860pages281，299，320。）ThisancientdogwassucceededinDenmarkduringtheBronzeperiodbyalargerkind，presentingcertaindifferences，andthisagainduringtheIronperiod，byastilllargerkind。InSwitzerland，wehearfromProf。Rutimeyer（1/9。’DieFaunaderPfahlbauten’1861s。117，162。），thatduringtheNeolithicperiodadomesticateddogofmiddlesizeexisted，whichinitsskullwasaboutequallyremotefromthewolfandjackal，andpartookofthecharactersofourhoundsandsettersorspaniels（JagdhundundWachtelhund）。Rutimeyerinsistsstronglyontheconstancyofformduringaverylongperiodoftimeofthisthemostancientknowndog。DuringtheBronzeperiodalargerdogappeared，andthiscloselyresembledinitsjawadogofthesameageinDenmark。RemainsoftwonotablydistinctvarietiesofthedogwerefoundbySchmerlinginacave（1/10。DeBlainville’Osteographie，Canidae。’）;buttheiragecannotbepositivelydetermined。
Theexistenceofasinglerace，remarkablyconstantinformduringthewholeNeolithicperiod，isaninterestingfactincontrastwithwhatweseeofthechangeswhichtheracesunderwentduringtheperiodofthesuccessiveEgyptianmonuments，andincontrastwithourexistingdogs。ThecharacterofthisanimalduringtheNeolithicperiod，asgivenbyRutimeyer，supportsDeBlainville’sviewthatourvarietieshavedescendedfromanunknownandextinctform。Butweshouldnotforgetthatweknownothingwithrespecttotheantiquityofmaninthewarmerpartsoftheworld。ThesuccessionofthedifferentkindsofdogsinSwitzerlandandDenmarkisthoughttobeduetotheimmigrationofconqueringtribesbringingwiththemtheirdogs;andthisviewaccordswiththebeliefthatdifferentwildcanineanimalsweredomesticatedindifferentregions。
Independentlyoftheimmigrationofnewracesofman，weknowfromthewide—spreadpresenceofbronze，composedofanalloyoftin，howmuchcommercetheremusthavebeenthroughoutEuropeatanextremelyremoteperiod，anddogswouldthenprobablyhavebeenbartered。Atthepresenttime，amongstthesavagesoftheinteriorofGuiana，theTarumaIndiansareconsideredthebesttrainersofdogs，andpossessalargebreedwhichtheybarteratahighpricewithothertribes。（1/11。SirR。Schomburgkhasgivenmeinformationonthishead。Seealso’JournalofR。GeographicalSoc。’volume131843page65。）
Themainargumentinfavouroftheseveralbreedsofthedogbeingthedescendantsofdistinctwildstocks，istheirresemblanceinvariouscountriestodistinctspeciesstillexistingthere。Itmust，however，beadmittedthatthecomparisonbetweenthewildanddomesticatedanimalhasbeenmadebutinfewcaseswithsufficientexactness。Beforeenteringondetails，itwillbewelltoshowthatthereisnoaprioridifficultyinthebeliefthatseveralcaninespecieshavebeendomesticated。Membersofthedogfamilyinhabitnearlythewholeworld;andseveralspeciesagreeprettycloselyinhabitsandstructurewithourseveraldomesticateddogs。
Mr。Galtonhasshown（1/12。’DomesticationofAnimals’EthnologicalSoc。