The Principles of Political Economy with some of t

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第14章

The Principles of Political Economy with some of t 佚名

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The Principles of Political Economy with some of t
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  Thereisbutonevoice,amongthoseacquaintedwiththecountry,ontheadmirableeffectsofthistenureoflandinthosecounties。NootheragriculturalpopulationinEnglandcouldhavefurnishedtheoriginalsofWordsworth’speasantry。(1*)

  Thegeneralsystem,however,ofEnglishcultivation,affordingnoexperiencetorenderthenatureandoperationofpeasantpropertiesfamiliar,andEnglishmenbeingingeneralprofoundlyignorantoftheagriculturaleconomyofothercountries,theveryideaofpeasantproprietorsisstrangetotheEnglishmind,anddoesnoteasilyfindaccesstoit。Eventheformsoflanguagestandintheway:thefamiliardesignationforownersoflandbeing\"landlords\",atermtowhich\"tenants\"isalwaysunderstoodasacorrelative。Whenatthetimeofthefamine,thesuggestionofpeasantpropertiesasameansofIrishimprovementfounditswayintoparliamentaryandnewspaperdiscussions,therewerewritersofpretensiontowhomtheword\"proprietor\"wassofarfromconveyinganydistinctidea,thattheymistookthesmallholdingsofIrishcottiertenantsforpeasantproperties。Thesubjectbeingsolittleunderstood,I

  thinkitimportant,beforeenteringintothetheoryofit,todosomethingtowardsshowinghowthecasestandsastomatteroffact;byexhibiting,atgreaterlengththanwouldotherwisebeadmissible,someofthetestimonywhichexistsrespectingthestateofcultivation,andthecomfortandhappinessofthecultivators,inthosecountriesandpartsofcountries,inwhichthegreaterpartofthelandotherthanthelabourerwhotillsthesoil。

  2。IlaynostressontheconditionofNorthAmerica,where,asiswellknown,theland,exceptintheformerSlaveStates,isalmostuniversallyownedbythesamepersonwhoholdstheplough。

  AcountrycombiningthenaturalfertilityofAmericawiththeknowledgeandartsofmodernEurope,issopeculiarlycircumstanced,thatscarcelyanything,exceptinsecurityofpropertyoratyrannicalgovernment,couldmateriallyimpairtheprosperityoftheindustriousclasses。Imight,withSismondi,insistmorestronglyonthecaseofancientItaly,especiallyLatium,thatCampagnawhichthenswarmedwithinhabitantsintheveryregionswhichunderacontraryr間imehavebecomeuninhabitablefrommalaria。ButIprefertakingtheevidenceofthesamewriteronthingsknowntohimbypersonalobservation。

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