Democracy In America

第3章

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第3章

Democracy In America Alexis de Toqueville

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Democracy In America
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  WhetherNatureinherinfinitevarietyhaddeniedthegermsoftreestothesefertileplains,orwhethertheyhadoncebeencoveredwithforests,subsequentlydestroyedbythehandofman,isaquestionwhichneithertraditionnorscientificresearchhasbeenabletoresolve。

  Theseimmensedesertswerenot,however,devoidofhumaninhabitants。Somewanderingtribeshadbeenforagesscatteredamongtheforestshadesorthegreenpasturesoftheprairie。

  FromthemouthoftheSt。LawrencetothedeltaoftheMississippi,andfromtheAtlantictothePacificOcean,thesesavagespossessedcertainpointsofresemblancewhichborewitnessoftheircommonorigin;butatthesametimetheydifferedfromallotherknownracesofmen:*gtheywereneitherwhiteliketheEuropeans,noryellowlikemostoftheAsiatics,norblacklikethenegroes。Theirskinwasreddishbrown,theirhairlongandshining,theirlipsthin,andtheircheekbonesveryprominent。ThelanguagesspokenbytheNorthAmericantribesarevariousasfarasregardedtheirwords,buttheyweresubjecttothesamegrammaticalrules。Theserulesdifferedinseveralpointsfromsuchashadbeenobservedtogoverntheoriginoflanguage。TheidiomoftheAmericansseemedtobetheproductofnewcombinations,andbespokeaneffortoftheunderstandingofwhichtheIndiansofourdayswouldbeincapable。*h[Footnoteg:Withtheprogressofdiscoverysomeresemblancehasbeenfoundtoexistbetweenthephysicalconformation,thelanguage,andthehabitsoftheIndiansofNorthAmerica,andthoseoftheTongous,Mantchous,Mongols,Tartars,andotherwanderingtribesofAsia。ThelandoccupiedbythesetribesisnotverydistantfromBehring’sStrait,whichallowsofthesupposition,thatataremoteperiodtheygaveinhabitantstothedesertcontinentofAmerica。Butthisisapointwhichhasnotyetbeenclearlyelucidatedbyscience。SeeMalteBrun,vol。v。;

  theworksofHumboldt;Fischer,\"Conjecturesurl’OriginedesAmericains\";Adair,\"HistoryoftheAmericanIndians。\"]

  [Footnoteh:SeeAppendix,C。]

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