Withthedevelopmentofcapitalistproductionduringthemanufacturingperiod，thepublicopinionofEuropehadlostthelastremnantofshameandconscience。Thenationsbraggedcynicallyofeveryinfamythatservedthemasameanstocapitalisticaccumulation。Read，e。g。，thenaïveAnnalsofCommerceoftheworthyA。Anderson。HereitistrumpetedforthasatriumphofEnglishstatecraftthatatthePeaceofUtrecht，EnglandextortedfromtheSpaniardsbytheAsientoTreatytheprivilegeofbeingallowedtoplythenegro—trade，untilthenonlycarriedonbetweenAfricaandtheEnglishWestIndies，betweenAfricaandSpanishAmericaaswell。
EnglandtherebyacquiredtherightofsupplyingSpanishAmericauntil1743
with4，800negroesyearly。Thisthrew，atthesametime，anofficialcloakoverBritishsmuggling。Liverpoolwaxedfatontheslave—trade。Thiswasitsmethodofprimitiveaccumulation。And，eventothepresentday，Liverpool\"respectability\"isthePindaroftheslave—tradewhich？comparetheworkofAikin[1795]alreadyquoted？\"hascoincidedwiththatspiritofboldadventurewhichhascharacterisedthetradeofLiverpoolandrapidlycarriedittoitspresentstateofprosperity;hasoccasionedvastemploymentforshippingandsailors，andgreatlyaugmentedthedemandforthemanufacturesofthecountry\"（p。339）。Liverpoolemployedintheslave—trade，in1730，15ships;in1751，53;in1760，74;in1770，96;andin1792，132。
Whilstthecottonindustryintroducedchild—slaveryinEngland，itgaveintheUnitedStatesastimulustothetransformationoftheearlier，moreorlesspatriarchalslavery，intoasystemofcommercialexploitation。
Infact，theveiledslaveryofthewage—workersinEuropeneeded，foritspedestal，slaverypureandsimpleinthenewworld。’